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We perform the first dedicated comparison of five hadronic codes (AM$^3$, ATHE$\nu$A, B13, LeHa-Paris, and LeHaMoC) that have been extensively used in modeling of the spectral energy distribution (SED) of jetted active galactic nuclei. The…

We present the AM$^3$ ("Astrophysical Multi-Messenger Modeling") software. AM$^3$ is a documented open source software that efficiently solves the coupled integro-differential equations describing the temporal evolution of the spectral…

Relativistic jets from Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are highly energetic and emit radiation across a wide range of frequencies. Despite several observational studies, their particle composition still remains a key open question. The…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-02 Harshita Bhuyan , Bhargav Vaidya , Christian Fendt , Aditya Sharma

We present a time-dependent approach to the one-zone hadronic model in the case where the photon spectrum is produced by ultrarelativistic protons interacting with soft photons that are produced from protons and low magnetic fields.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-11 S. Dimitrakoudis , A. Mastichiadis , R. J. Protheroe , A. Reimer

Interactions of ultra-high energy cosmic-rays (UHECRs) accelerated in astrophysical environments have been shown to shape the energy production rate of nuclei escaping from the confinement zone. To address the influence of hadronic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-10-22 Antonio Condorelli , Sergio Petrera

The hadronic model of Active Galactic Nuclei and other compact high energy astrophysical sources assumes that ultra-relativistic protons, electron-positron pairs and photons interact via various hadronic and electromagnetic processes inside…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-03 Maria Petropoulou , Apostolos Mastichiadis

We present some results on the radiative signatures of the one zone hadronic model. For this we have solved five spatially averaged, time-dependent coupled kinetic equations which describe the evolution of relativistic protons, electrons,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-03 Stavros Dimitrakoudis , Maria Petropoulou , Apostolos Mastichiadis

We introduce a new time-dependent lepto-hadronic model for blazar emission that takes into account the radiation emitted by secondary particles, such as pions and muons, from photo hadronic interactions. Starting from a baseline parameter…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-23 Christopher Diltz , Markus Boettcher , Giovanni Fossati

We propose a real-time time-dependent ab__initio approach within a configuration-interaction-singles ansatz to decompose the high-harmonic generation (HHG) signal of molecules in terms of individual molecular-orbital (MO) contributions.…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-12-11 Marco Marchetta , Chiara Morassut , Julien Toulouse , Emanuele Coccia , Eleonora Luppi

The possible connection between high energy neutrinos in the energy region above 100 TeV and ultrahigh energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) at energies above $10^{19}$ eV motivates multi-messenger observation approaches involving neutrinos and the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-09-25 Shigeru Yoshida

Numerical simulations of radiative processes in magnetized compact sources such as hot accretion disks around black holes, relativistic jets in active galaxies and gamma-ray bursts are complicated because the particle and photon…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-11 Indrek Vurm , Juri Poutanen

The search for the sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) using high-energy neutrinos represents a frontier in high-energy astrophysics. However, a critical bottleneck remains: the ability to rapidly survey the sizable sky areas…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-09 Fabian Schüssler , Sofia Bisero , Bernardo Cornejo , Filippo D'Ammando , Richard I. Anderson , Ilja Jaroschewski , Silvia Piranomonte , Fatemeh Zahra Majid

Astrophysical neutrinos from Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) offer a unique window into high-energy particle acceleration in obscured environments. The nearby Type II Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068 is a compelling example, exhibiting evidence of a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-10 Luana Passos-Reis , Elisabete M. de Gouveia Dal Pino , Juan C. Rodríguez-Ramírez , Giovani H. Vicentin

As a classical generative modeling approach, energy-based models have the natural advantage of flexibility in the form of the energy function. Recently, energy-based models have achieved great success in modeling high-dimensional data in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Taoli Cheng , Aaron Courville

Turbulent coronae of supermassive black holes can accelerate non-thermal particles to high energies and produce observable radiation, but capturing this process is challenging due to comparable timescales of acceleration, cooling, and the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-02-09 Chengchao Yuan , Damiano F. G. Fiorillo , Maria Petropoulou , Qinrui Liu

We present a new energy transport code that models the time dependent and non-linear evolution of spectra of cosmic-ray nuclei, their secondaries, and photon target fields. The software can inject an arbitrary chemical composition including…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-08-21 Lukas Merten , Paolo Da Vela , Anita Reimer , Margot Boughelilba , Jon Paul Lundquist , Serguei Vorobiov , Julia Becker Tjus

A wide range of astrophysical sources exhibit extreme and rapidly varying electromagnetic emission indicative of efficient non-thermal particle acceleration. Understanding these sources often involves comparing data with a broad range of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-11-27 Zachary Davis , Jesús M. Rueda-Becerril , Dimitrios Giannios

Blazar emission models are usually divided into two big families, leptonic and hadronic, according to the particles which are responsible for the gamma-ray component of their spectral energy distributions. Even though leptonic models have…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-08-09 M. Cerruti , A. Zech , G. Emery , D. Guarin

Solving the problem of fast eruptive events in magnetically dominated astrophysical plasmas requires the use of particularly well adapted numerical tools. Indeed, the central mechanism based on magnetic reconnection is determined by a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-07 Hubert Baty

We present an updated version of the HMcode augmented halo model that can be used to make accurate predictions of the non-linear matter power spectrum over a wide range of cosmologies. Major improvements include modelling of BAO damping in…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-01-27 Alexander Mead , Samuel Brieden , Tilman Tröster , Catherine Heymans
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