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Existing protein-ligand docking studies typically focus on the self-docking scenario, which is less practical in real applications. Moreover, some studies involve heavy frameworks requiring extensive training, posing challenges for…

The effects of ligand binding on protein structures and their in vivo functions carry numerous implications for modern biomedical research and biotechnology development efforts such as drug discovery. Although several deep learning (DL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Alex Morehead , Nabin Giri , Jian Liu , Pawan Neupane , Jianlin Cheng

Molecular docking is a crucial step in drug development, which enables the virtual screening of compound libraries to identify potential ligands that target proteins of interest. However, the computational complexity of traditional docking…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Zhangfan Yang , Junkai Ji , Shan He , Jianqiang Li , Tiantian He , Ruibin Bai , Zexuan Zhu , Yew Soon Ong

In recent years, machine learning (ML) methods have emerged as promising alternatives for molecular docking, offering the potential for high accuracy without incurring prohibitive computational costs. However, recent studies have indicated…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-05-21 Eric Alcaide , Zhifeng Gao , Guolin Ke , Yaqi Li , Linfeng Zhang , Hang Zheng , Gengmo Zhou

Molecular docking, given a ligand molecule and a ligand binding site (called ``pocket'') on a protein, predicting the binding mode of the protein-ligand complex, is a widely used technique in drug design. Many deep learning models have been…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-02-24 Yuejiang Yu , Shuqi Lu , Zhifeng Gao , Hang Zheng , Guolin Ke

The field of machine learning for drug discovery is witnessing an explosion of novel methods. These methods are often benchmarked on simple physicochemical properties such as solubility or general druglikeness, which can be readily…

Sampling physically valid ligand-binding poses remains a major challenge in molecular docking, particularly for unseen or structurally diverse targets. We introduce PocketVina, a fast and memory-efficient, search-based docking framework…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-06-26 Ahmet Sarigun , Bora Uyar , Vedran Franke , Altuna Akalin

Datasets used for molecular docking, such as PDBBind, contain technical variability - they are noisy. Although the origins of the noise have been discussed, a comprehensive analysis of the physical, chemical, and bioactivity characteristics…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Ahmet Sarigun , Vedran Franke , Bora Uyar , Altuna Akalin

Accurate identification of druggable pockets and their features is essential for structure-based drug design and effective downstream docking. Here, we present RAPID-Net, a deep learning-based algorithm designed for the accurate prediction…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-07-24 Yaroslav Balytskyi , Inna Hubenko , Alina Balytska , Christopher V. Kelly

Molecular docking is a core tool in drug discovery for predicting ligand-target interactions. Despite the availability of diverse search-based and machine learning approaches, no single docking algorithm consistently dominates, as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Siyuan Cao , Hongxuan Wu , Jiabao Brad Wang , Yiliang Yuan , Mustafa Misir

Determining the binding pose of a ligand to a protein, known as molecular docking, is a fundamental task in drug discovery. Generative approaches promise faster, improved, and more diverse pose sampling than physics-based methods, but are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Alvaro Prat , Leo Zhang , Charlotte M. Deane , Yee Whye Teh , Garrett M. Morris

Molecular docking is a pivotal process in drug discovery. While traditional techniques rely on extensive sampling and simulation governed by physical principles, these methods are often slow and costly. The advent of deep learning-based…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-02-25 Kaiyuan Gao , Qizhi Pei , Gongbo Zhang , Jinhua Zhu , Kun He , Lijun Wu

Deep learning promises to dramatically improve scoring functions for molecular docking, leading to substantial advances in binding pose prediction and virtual screening. To train scoring functions-and to perform molecular docking-one must…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-12-04 Patricia Suriana , Ron O. Dror

Scoring functions remain the principal bottleneck in molecular docking: they routinely fail to rank near-native poses above decoys, and their composite single-score design obscures the physicochemical basis of each ranking error. We present…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-06 Sofiene Khiari , Amr H. Mahmoud , Markus A. Lill

Predicting the binding structure of a small molecule ligand to a protein -- a task known as molecular docking -- is critical to drug design. Recent deep learning methods that treat docking as a regression problem have decreased runtime…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-02-14 Gabriele Corso , Hannes Stärk , Bowen Jing , Regina Barzilay , Tommi Jaakkola

Accurate blind docking has the potential to lead to new biological breakthroughs, but for this promise to be realized, docking methods must generalize well across the proteome. Existing benchmarks, however, fail to rigorously assess…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-02-29 Gabriele Corso , Arthur Deng , Benjamin Fry , Nicholas Polizzi , Regina Barzilay , Tommi Jaakkola

Docking-based virtual screening (VS process) selects ligands with potential pharmacological activities from millions of molecules using computational docking methods, which greatly could reduce the number of compounds for experimental…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2021-10-26 Wei Ma , Qin Xie , Jianhang Zhang , Shiliang Li , Youjun Xu , Xiaobing Deng , Weilin Zhang

Virtual screening, including molecular docking, plays an essential role in drug discovery. Many traditional and machine-learning based methods are available to fulfil the docking task. The traditional docking methods are normally…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-03-20 YuPeng Huang , Hong Zhang , Siyuan Jiang , Dajiong Yue , Xiaohan Lin , Jun Zhang , Yi Qin Gao

Molecular docking, a technique for predicting ligand binding poses, is crucial in structure-based drug design for understanding protein-ligand interactions. Recent advancements in docking methods, particularly those leveraging geometric…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-10-17 Jiaxian Yan , Zaixi Zhang , Jintao Zhu , Kai Zhang , Jianfeng Pei , Qi Liu

Understanding the structure of the protein-ligand complex is crucial to drug development. Existing virtual structure measurement and screening methods are dominated by docking and its derived methods combined with deep learning. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Kelei He , Tiejun Dong , Jinhui Wu , Junfeng Zhang
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