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A topic of great current interest is Causal Representation Learning (CRL), whose goal is to learn a causal model for hidden features in a data-driven manner. Unfortunately, CRL is severely ill-posed since it is a combination of the two…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-10 Hiroshi Morioka , Aapo Hyvärinen

Statistical machine learning algorithms have achieved state-of-the-art results on benchmark datasets, outperforming humans in many tasks. However, the out-of-distribution data and confounder, which have an unpredictable causal relationship,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Changjie Lu

Causal Representation Learning (CRL) aims to uncover the data-generating process and identify the underlying causal variables and relations, whose evaluation remains inherently challenging due to the requirement of known ground-truth causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Guangyi Chen , Yunlong Deng , Peiyuan Zhu , Yan Li , Yifan Shen , Zijian Li , Kun Zhang

Causal representation learning (CRL) models aim to transform high-dimensional data into a latent space, enabling interventions to generate counterfactual samples or modify existing data based on the causal relationships among latent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Alireza Sadeghi , Wael AbdAlmageed

Causal representation learning (CRL) offers the promise of uncovering the underlying causal model by which observed data was generated, but the practical applicability of existing methods remains limited by the strong assumptions required…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Yuhang Liu , Zhen Zhang , Dong Gong , Erdun Gao , Biwei Huang , Mingming Gong , Anton van den Hengel , Kun Zhang , Javen Qinfeng Shi

Recent developments in generative artificial intelligence (AI) rely on machine learning techniques such as deep learning and generative modeling to achieve state-of-the-art performance across wide-ranging domains. These methods' surprising…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-27 Gemma E. Moran , Bryon Aragam

Causal Representation Learning (CRL) aims at identifying high-level causal factors and their relationships from high-dimensional observations, e.g., images. While most CRL works focus on learning causal representations in a single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Davide Talon , Phillip Lippe , Stuart James , Alessio Del Bue , Sara Magliacane

Causal representation learning (CRL) aims at recovering latent causal variables from high-dimensional observations to solve causal downstream tasks, such as predicting the effect of new interventions or more robust classification. A…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Dingling Yao , Dario Rancati , Riccardo Cadei , Marco Fumero , Francesco Locatello

Causal models provide rich descriptions of complex systems as sets of mechanisms by which each variable is influenced by its direct causes. They support reasoning about manipulating parts of the system and thus hold promise for addressing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Julius von Kügelgen

Causal representation learning (CRL) enhances machine learning models' robustness and generalizability by learning structural causal models associated with data-generating processes. We focus on a family of CRL methods that uses contrastive…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-17 Xiusi Li , Sékou-Oumar Kaba , Siamak Ravanbakhsh

Unsupervised representation learning with variational inference relies heavily on independence assumptions over latent variables. Causal representation learning (CRL), however, argues that factors of variation in a dataset are, in fact,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Avinash Kori , Pedro Sanchez , Konstantinos Vilouras , Ben Glocker , Sotirios A. Tsaftaris

Predicting the impact of genomic and drug perturbations in cellular function is crucial for understanding gene functions and drug effects, ultimately leading to improved therapies. To this end, Causal Representation Learning (CRL)…

Causal reasoning can be considered a cornerstone of intelligent systems. Having access to an underlying causal graph comes with the promise of cause-effect estimation and the identification of efficient and safe interventions. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Amir Mohammad Karimi Mamaghan , Andrea Dittadi , Stefan Bauer , Karl Henrik Johansson , Francesco Quinzan

Causal representation learning seeks to uncover causal relationships among high-level latent variables from low-level, entangled, and noisy observations. Existing approaches often either rely on deep neural networks, which lack…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-27 Wenjin Zhang , Yixin Wang , Yuqi Gu

Causal representation learning (CRL) has garnered increasing interest from the causal inference and artificial intelligence communities due to its potential to disentangle complex data-generating mechanism into causally interpretable latent…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-28 Hao Chen , Lin Liu , Yu Guang Wang

While Reinforcement Learning (RL) achieves tremendous success in sequential decision-making problems of many domains, it still faces key challenges of data inefficiency and the lack of interpretability. Interestingly, many researchers have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Yan Zeng , Ruichu Cai , Fuchun Sun , Libo Huang , Zhifeng Hao

Building robust and real-time classifiers with diverse datasets are one of the most significant challenges to deep learning researchers. It is because there is a considerable gap between a model built with training (seen) data and real…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Mayanka Chandrashekar , Yugyung Lee

Causal reasoning and discovery, two fundamental tasks of causal analysis, often face challenges in applications due to the complexity, noisiness, and high-dimensionality of real-world data. Despite recent progress in identifying latent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Dingling Yao , Shimeng Huang , Riccardo Cadei , Kun Zhang , Francesco Locatello

The prevailing graph neural network models have achieved significant progress in graph representation learning. However, in this paper, we uncover an ever-overlooked phenomenon: the pre-trained graph representation learning model tested…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Hang Gao , Jiangmeng Li , Wenwen Qiang , Lingyu Si , Bing Xu , Changwen Zheng , Fuchun Sun

We evaluate methods for causal representation learning (CRL) on a simple, real-world system where these methods are expected to work. The system consists of a controlled optical experiment specifically built for this purpose, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Juan L. Gamella , Simon Bing , Jakob Runge
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