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Instruction tuning has emerged as a critical paradigm for improving the capabilities and alignment of large language models (LLMs). However, existing iterative model-aware data selection methods incur significant computational overhead, as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Xiaotian Lin , Yanlin Qi , Yizhang Zhu , Themis Palpanas , Chengliang Chai , Nan Tang , Yuyu Luo

Although large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive potential on simple tasks, their breadth of scope, lack of transparency, and insufficient controllability can make them less effective when assisting humans on more complex…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-03-21 Tongshuang Wu , Michael Terry , Carrie J. Cai

Taxonomies represent hierarchical relations between entities, frequently applied in various software modeling and natural language processing (NLP) activities. They are typically subject to a set of structural constraints restricting their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Boqi Chen , Fandi Yi , Dániel Varró

High-quality, large-scale instructions are crucial for aligning large language models (LLMs), however, there is a severe shortage of instruction in the field of natural language understanding (NLU). Previous works on constructing NLU…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Lin Yuan , Jun Xu , Honghao Gui , Mengshu Sun , Zhiqiang Zhang , Lei Liang , Jun Zhou

Given a task, human learns from easy to hard, whereas the model learns randomly. Undeniably, difficulty insensitive learning leads to great success in NLP, but little attention has been paid to the effect of text difficulty in NLP. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Bowen Chen , Xiao Ding , Li Du , Qin Bing , Ting Liu

Designing effective task-level prompts is crucial for improving the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs). While prior work on instruction induction demonstrates that LLMs can infer better instructions with limited examples, existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Po-Chun Chen , Hen-Hsen Huang , Hsin-Hsi Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized various fields, yet their training efficiency is heavily reliant on effective data curation. While data selection has been widely studied, the strategic data organization for enhanced…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yalun Dai , Yangyu Huang , Tongshen Yang , Yonghan Wang , Xin Zhang , Wenshan Wu , Qihao Zhao , Hao Li , Yuanyuan Gao , Kim-Hui Yap , Scarlett Li

Instruction fine-tuning (IFT) can increase the informativeness of large language models (LLMs), but may reduce their truthfulness. This trade-off arises because IFT steers LLMs to generate responses containing long-tail knowledge that was…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Tianyi Wu , Jingwei Ni , Bryan Hooi , Jiaheng Zhang , Elliott Ash , See-Kiong Ng , Mrinmaya Sachan , Markus Leippold

Extending large language models to effectively handle long contexts requires instruction fine-tuning on input sequences of similar length. To address this, we present LongAlign -- a recipe of the instruction data, training, and evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Yushi Bai , Xin Lv , Jiajie Zhang , Yuze He , Ji Qi , Lei Hou , Jie Tang , Yuxiao Dong , Juanzi Li

Modern language models (LMs) need to follow human instructions while being faithful; yet, they often fail to achieve both. Here, we provide concrete evidence of a trade-off between instruction following (i.e., follow open-ended…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Zhengxuan Wu , Yuhao Zhang , Peng Qi , Yumo Xu , Rujun Han , Yian Zhang , Jifan Chen , Bonan Min , Zhiheng Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) changed the way we design and interact with software systems. Their ability to process and extract information from text has drastically improved productivity in a number of routine tasks. Developers that want…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Federico Errica , Giuseppe Siracusano , Davide Sanvito , Roberto Bifulco

Instruction tuning of open-source large language models (LLMs) like LLaMA, using direct outputs from more powerful LLMs such as Instruct-GPT and GPT-4, has proven to be a cost-effective way to align model behaviors with human preferences.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Haoran Li , Yiran Liu , Xingxing Zhang , Wei Lu , Furu Wei

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly relied upon for complex workflows, yet their ability to maintain flow of instructions remains underexplored. Existing benchmarks conflate task complexity with structural ordering, making it…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Andrew Jaffe , Noah Reicin , Jinho D. Choi

Large language models (LLMs) consistently benefit from further fine-tuning on various tasks. However, we observe that directly tuning the Instruct (i.e., instruction-tuned) models often leads to marginal improvements and even performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Taiqiang Wu , Runming Yang , Jiayi Li , Pengfei Hu , Yik-Chung Wu , Ngai Wong , Yujiu Yang

Large "instruction-tuned" language models (i.e., finetuned to respond to instructions) have demonstrated a remarkable ability to generalize zero-shot to new tasks. Nevertheless, they depend heavily on human-written instruction data that is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Yizhong Wang , Yeganeh Kordi , Swaroop Mishra , Alisa Liu , Noah A. Smith , Daniel Khashabi , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

Large Language Models (LLMs) hold promise in automating data analysis tasks, yet open-source models face significant limitations in these kinds of reasoning-intensive scenarios. In this work, we investigate strategies to enhance the data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Yuqi Zhu , Yi Zhong , Jintian Zhang , Ziheng Zhang , Shuofei Qiao , Yujie Luo , Lun Du , Da Zheng , Ningyu Zhang , Huajun Chen

Large language models (LLMs) are now used in multi-turn workflows, but we still lack a clear way to measure when iteration helps and when it hurts. We present an evaluation framework for iterative refinement that spans ideation, code, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Shashidhar Reddy Javaji , Bhavul Gauri , Zining Zhu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed software development by enabling code generation, automated debugging, and complex reasoning. However, their continued advancement is constrained by the scarcity of high-quality, publicly…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Wasi Uddin Ahmad , Aleksander Ficek , Mehrzad Samadi , Jocelyn Huang , Vahid Noroozi , Somshubra Majumdar , Boris Ginsburg

Code LLMs have shown promising results with converting tasks in natural language to programs that can be executed by service robots. We are interested in finetuning small, specialized LLMs for this purpose, but collecting datasets of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Zichao Hu , Junyi Jessy Li , Arjun Guha , Joydeep Biswas

Recent curriculum techniques in the post-training stage of LLMs have been empirically observed to outperform non-curriculum approaches in improving reasoning performance, yet a principled understanding of their effectiveness and limitations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Dake Bu , Wei Huang , Andi Han , Atsushi Nitanda , Hau-San Wong , Qingfu Zhang , Taiji Suzuki
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