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There are many approaches to the classification of Morse functions and their gradient fields (Morse Fields) on 2-surfaces. This paper studies the gluings of quadrilaterals and the classification of topological surfaces obtained by gluing…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2023-08-04 Kostiantyn Cherkashyn

We classify the singular loci of real surfaces in three-space that contain two circles through each point. We characterize how a circle in such a surface meets this loci as it moves in its pencil and as such provide insight into the…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2024-10-01 Niels Lubbes

Our aim in this paper is to construct a numerical algorithm using Taylor expansion of exponential map to find geodesic joining two points on a 2-dimensional surface for which a Riemannian metric is defined

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2021-11-29 Esmaeil Peyghan , Esa Sharahi , Amir Baghban

We consider causal 3-dimensional triangulations with the topology of $S^2\times [0,1]$ or $D^2\times [0,1]$ where $S^2$ and $D^2$ are the two-dimensional sphere and disc, respectively. These triangulations consist of slices and we show that…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-01-29 Bergfinnur Durhuus , Thordur Jonsson

A (multi)set of segments in the plane may form a TSP tour, a matching, a tree, or any multigraph. If two segments cross, then we can reduce the total length with the following flip operation. We remove a pair of crossing segments, and…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Guilherme D. da Fonseca , Yan Gerard , Bastien Rivier

We show that any combinatorial triangulation on n vertices can be transformed into a 4-connected one using at most floor((3n - 9)/5) edge flips. We also give an example of an infinite family of triangulations that requires this many flips…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2015-09-09 Prosenjit Bose , Dana Jansens , André van Renssen , Maria Saumell , Sander Verdonschot

We give the asymptotic growth of the number of (multi-)arcs of bounded length between boundary components on complete finite-area hyperbolic surfaces with boundary. Specifically, if $S$ has genus $g$, $n$ boundary components and $p$…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2020-12-01 Nick Bell

Let ({\Sigma}, g) be a compact $C^2$ finslerian 3-manifold. If the geodesic flow of g is completely integrable, and the singular set is a tamely-embedded polyhedron, then ${\pi}_1({\Sigma})$ is almost polycyclic. On the other hand, if…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2017-10-04 Leo T. Butler

A pseudo-triangle is a simple polygon with exactly three convex vertices, and all other vertices (if any) are distributed on three concave chains. A pseudo-triangulation~$\mathcal{T}$ of a point set~$P$ in~$\mathbb{R}^2$ is a partitioning…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Maarten Löffler , Tamara Mchedlidze , David Orden , Josef Tkadlec , Jules Wulms

Given a compact orientable surface $\Sigma$, let $\Cal S(\Sigma)$ be the set of isotopy classes of essential simple loops on $\Sigma$. We determine a complete set of relations for a function from $\Cal S(\Sigma)$ to $\bold Z$ to be a…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Feng Luo

The dualistic structure of statistical manifolds in information geometry yields eight types of geodesic triangles passing through three given points, the triangle vertices. The interior angles of geodesic triangles can sum up to $\pi$ like…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2021-05-12 Frank Nielsen

The ideal (tagged resp.) triangulation of bounded surface with marked points are associated with skew-symmetric (skew-symmetrizable) exchange matrices. An algo- rithm is established to decompose the graph associated to such matrix. There…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-12-06 Weiwen Gu

A surface $\Sigma$ in a 4-manifold $M$ is called flexible if any mapping class of the surface arises as the restriction of a diffeomorphism $(M,\Sigma) \to (M,\Sigma)$. We construct flexible surfaces in $\mathbb{C}P^2$ and $S^2 \times S^2$…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2026-02-17 Joshua Lehman

Every closed hyperbolic geodesic $\gamma$ on the triply--punctured sphere $M =\widehat{{\mathbb C}} - \{0,1,\infty\}$ has a self--intersection number $I(\gamma) \ge 1$ and a combinatorial length $L(\gamma) \ge 2$, the latter defined by the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2017-03-09 Moira Chas , Curtis T. McMullen , Anthony Phillips

A surface in the Teichm\"uller space, where the systole function attains its maximum, is called a maximal surface. For genus two there exists a unique maximal surface which is called the Bolza surface. In this article, we study the…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2023-12-01 Bhola Nath Saha , Bidyut Sanki

A face-transitive surface is a triangulated 2-dimensional manifold whose automorphism group acts transitively on its set of triangles. In this paper, we investigate this class of highly symmetric surface triangulations. We identify seven…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-02 Reymond Akpanya , Jonathan Spreer

We define a class a metric spaces we call Brownian surfaces, arising as the scaling limits of random maps on general orientable surfaces with a boundary and we study the geodesics from a uniformly chosen random point. These metric spaces…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-04-04 Jérémie Bettinelli

We give a short proof of the contractibility of the space of geodesic triangulations with fixed combinatorial type of a convex polygon in the Euclidean plane. Moreover, for any $n>0$, we show that there exists a space of geodesic…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2020-08-04 Yanwen Luo

For a continuous map on a topological graph containing a loop $S$ it is possible to define the degree (with respect to the loop $S$) and, for a map of degree $1$, rotation numbers. We study the rotation set of these maps and the periods of…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-01-08 Lluís Alsedà , Sylvie Ruette

Methods were developed in Ref. [1] for constructing reference metrics (and from them differentiable structures) on three-dimensional manifolds with topologies specified by suitable triangulations. This note generalizes those methods by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-01-03 Lee Lindblom , Oliver Rinne