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The stochastic gravitational wave background in the mHz band is a key target for future spaceborne interferometers. Detecting such a signal presents multiple challenges for data processing, especially complicated by the presence of numerous…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-22 Yang Jiang , Qing-Guo Huang

This chapter provides an overview of gravitational wave (GW) astronomy, providing background material that underpins the other, more specialized chapters in this handbook. It starts with a brief historical review of the development of GW…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-07-20 Nigel T. Bishop

Coalescing supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) are the primary source candidates for low frequency gravitational wave (GW) detections, which could bring us deep insights into galaxy evolutions over cosmic time and violent processes of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-07-04 Minghui Du , Qiong Deng , Yifan Bian , Ziren Luo , Peng Xu

LISA data analysis represents one of the most challenging tasks ahead for the future of gravitational-wave (GW) astronomy. Characterizing the instrument's noise properties while fitting for all the other detectable sources is a key…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-21 Alessandro Santini , Martina Muratore , Jonathan Gair , Olaf Hartwig

Gravitational-wave (GW) parameter estimation typically assumes that instrumental noise is Gaussian and stationary. Obvious departures from this idealization are typically handled on a case-by-case basis, e.g., through bespoke procedures to…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-15 Ronan Legin , Maximiliano Isi , Kaze W. K. Wong , Yashar Hezaveh , Laurence Perreault-Levasseur

Accurate extractions of the detected gravitational wave (GW) signal waveforms are essential to validate a detection and to probe the astrophysics behind the sources producing the GWs. This however could be difficult in realistic scenarios…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-09-20 Chayan Chatterjee , Linqing Wen , Foivos Diakogiannis , Kevin Vinsen

The stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) offers a new opportunity to observe signals of primordial features from inflationary models. We study their detectability with future space-based gravitational waves experiments, focusing…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-17 Matteo Braglia , Xingang Chen , Dhiraj Kumar Hazra

Although searches for dark matter have lasted for decades, no convincing signal has been found without ambiguity in underground detections, cosmic ray observations, and collider experiments. We show by example that gravitational wave (GW)…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-07-26 Bo-Qiang Lu , Cheng-Wei Chiang , Da Huang

Gravitational waves emitted during compact binary coalescences are a promising source for gravitational-wave detector networks. The accuracy with which the location of the source on the sky can be inferred from gravitational wave data is a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-17 K. Grover , S. Fairhurst , B. F. Farr , I. Mandel , C. Rodriguez , T. Sidery , A. Vecchio

The null energy condition (NEC) is a fundamental principle in general relativity, and its violation could leave discernible signatures in gravitational waves (GWs). A violation of the NEC during the primordial era would imprint a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-03-28 Zu-Cheng Chen , Lang Liu

Gravitational Waves (GWs) provide a unique way to explore our Universe. The ongoing ground-based detectors, e.g., LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA, and the upcoming next-generation detectors, e.g., Cosmic Explorer and Einstein Telescope, as well as…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-04-02 Zhenwei Li , Xuefei Chen

We present the implementation of an anomaly-detection algorithm based on a deep convolutional autoencoder for the search for gravitational waves (GWs) in time-frequency spectrograms. Our method targets short-duration ($\lesssim…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-23 Gianluca Inguglia , Huw Haigh , Kristyna Vitulova , Ulyana Dupletsa

Modified gravitational wave propagation is a smoking gun of modifications of gravity at cosmological scales, and can be the most promising observable for testing such theories. The observation of gravitational waves (GW) in recent years has…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-03-18 Francesco Iacovelli , Andreas Finke , Stefano Foffa , Michele Maggiore , Michele Mancarella

Gravitational-wave astronomy provides a unique new way to study the expansion history of the Universe. In this work, we investigate the impact future gravitational-wave observatories will have on cosmology. Third-generation observatories…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-03 Zhi-Qiang You , Xing-Jiang Zhu , Gregory Ashton , Eric Thrane , Zong-Hong Zhu

High-precision astrometry offers a promising approach to detect low-frequency gravitational waves, complementing pulsar timing array (PTA) observations. We explore the response of astrometric measurements to a stochastic gravitational wave…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-25 N. M. Jiménez Cruz , Ameek Malhotra , Gianmassimo Tasinato , Ivonne Zavala

Binary black hole (BBH) mergers detected through Gravitational Waves (GWs) are a promising probe for the cosmic expansion. These sources are standard sirens for which we can directly measure the luminosity distance, but their redshift is…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-17 Arianna Scarpa , Simone Mastrogiovanni , Filippo Santoliquido , Manuel Arca-Sedda

The stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) produced by merging neutron stars exhibits a peak in the kHz band. In this paper, we develop a theoretical framework to exploit this distinctive feature through a Markov Chain Monte Carlo…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-04-04 Giulia Capurri , Andrea Lapi , Mario Spera , Carlo Baccigalupi

The first observation of a gravitational wave (GW) and a short gamma-ray burst (sGRB) emitted by the same binary neutron star (BNS) merger officially opened the field of GW multimessenger astronomy. In this paper, we define and address…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-07 Leonardo Iampieri , Simone Mastrogiovanni , Francesco Pannarale

Gravitational wave astronomy relies on the use of multiple detectors, so that coincident detections may distinguish real signals from instrumental artifacts, and also so that relative timing of signals can provide the sky position of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-28 Alexander Stroeer , Lindy Blackburn , Jordan Camp