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Multiple Sequence Alignment (MSA) plays a pivotal role in unveiling the evolutionary trajectories of protein families. The accuracy of protein structure predictions is often compromised for protein sequences that lack sufficient homologous…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-10-29 Bo Chen , Zhilei Bei , Xingyi Cheng , Pan Li , Jie Tang , Le Song

Proteins are essential component of human life and their structures are important for function and mechanism analysis. Recent work has shown the potential of AI-driven methods for protein structure prediction. However, the development of…

Models such as AlphaFold2 and OpenFold have transformed protein structure prediction, yet their inner workings remain poorly understood. We present a methodology to systematically evaluate the contribution of individual OpenFold components…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-20 Tyler L. Hayes , Giri P. Krishnan

The field of protein folding research has been greatly advanced by deep learning methods, with AlphaFold2 (AF2) demonstrating exceptional performance and atomic-level precision. As co-evolution is integral to protein structure prediction,…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2023-06-06 Le Zhang , Jiayang Chen , Tao Shen , Yu Li , Siqi Sun

Data-driven predictive methods which can efficiently and accurately transform protein sequences into biologically active structures are highly valuable for scientific research and medical development. Determining accurate folding landscape…

Rapid progress in deep learning has spurred its application to bioinformatics problems including protein structure prediction and design. In classic machine learning problems like computer vision, progress has been driven by standardized…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2019-02-04 Mohammed AlQuraishi

The 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded in part for protein structure prediction using AlphaFold2, an artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) model trained on vast amounts of sequence and 3D structure data. AlphaFold2 and…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-04-22 Alexander M. Ille , Emily Anas , Michael B. Mathews , Stephen K. Burley

The remarkable success of AlphaFold2 in providing accurate atomic-level prediction of protein structures from their amino acid sequence has transformed approaches to the protein folding problem. However, its core paradigm of mapping one…

Applications · Statistics 2025-12-12 Yongkai Chen , Samuel WK Wong , SC Kou

Deep learning has contributed to major advances in the prediction of protein structure from sequence, a fundamental problem in structural bioinformatics. With predictions now approaching the accuracy of crystallographic resolution in some…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2022-01-26 Mu Gao , Mark Coletti , Russell B. Davidson , Ryan Prout , Subil Abraham , Benjamin Hernandez , Ada Sedova

AI-based protein structure prediction pipelines, such as AlphaFold2, have achieved near-experimental accuracy. These advanced pipelines mainly rely on Multiple Sequence Alignments (MSAs) as inputs to learn the co-evolution information from…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-10-19 Xiaomin Fang , Fan Wang , Lihang Liu , Jingzhou He , Dayong Lin , Yingfei Xiang , Xiaonan Zhang , Hua Wu , Hui Li , Le Song

AlphaFold2 (AF2) has transformed protein structure prediction by harnessing co-evolutionary constraints embedded in multiple sequence alignments (MSAs). MSAs not only encode static structural information, but also hold critical details…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-03-04 Enming Xing , Junjie Zhang , Shen Wang , Xiaolin Cheng

The prediction of protein 3D structure from amino acid sequence is a computational grand challenge in biophysics, and plays a key role in robust protein structure prediction algorithms, from drug discovery to genome interpretation. The…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-07-03 Hyun Park , Parth Patel , Roland Haas , E. A. Huerta

Deep learning has been widely used for protein engineering. However, it is limited by the lack of sufficient experimental data to train an accurate model for predicting the functional fitness of high-order mutants. Here, we develop SESNet,…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2023-04-10 Mingchen Li , Liqi Kang , Yi Xiong , Yu Guang Wang , Guisheng Fan , Pan Tan , Liang Hong

Deep learning has transformed protein design, enabling accurate structure prediction, sequence optimization, and de novo protein generation. Advances in single-chain protein structure prediction via AlphaFold2, RoseTTAFold, ESMFold, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Gregory W. Kyro , Tianyin Qiu , Victor S. Batista

Protein language models have excelled in a variety of tasks, ranging from structure prediction to protein engineering. However, proteins are highly diverse in functions and structures, and current state-of-the-art models including the…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-02-27 Chang Ma , Haiteng Zhao , Lin Zheng , Jiayi Xin , Qintong Li , Lijun Wu , Zhihong Deng , Yang Lu , Qi Liu , Lingpeng Kong

Predicting protein complex structures is essential for protein function analysis, protein design, and drug discovery. While AI methods like AlphaFold can predict accurate structural models for many protein complexes, reliably estimating the…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-05-30 Pawan Neupane , Jian Liu , Jianlin Cheng

In Dec 2020, the results of AlphaFold2 were presented at CASP14, sparking a revolution in the field of protein structure predictions. For the first time, a purely computational method could challenge experimental accuracy for structure…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2022-12-16 Arne Elofsson

The goal of Protein Structure Prediction (PSP) problem is to predict a protein's 3D structure (confirmation) from its amino acid sequence. The problem has been a 'holy grail' of science since the Noble prize-winning work of Anfinsen…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-01-24 Abbi Abdel-Rehim , Oghenejokpeme Orhobor , Hang Lou , Hao Ni , Ross D. King

We introduce ProteinWorkshop, a comprehensive benchmark suite for representation learning on protein structures with Geometric Graph Neural Networks. We consider large-scale pre-training and downstream tasks on both experimental and…

Proteins are the basic building blocks of life. They usually perform functions by folding to a particular structure. Understanding the folding process could help the researchers to understand the functions of proteins and could also help to…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2015-10-21 Jianzhu Ma
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