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While memory corruption bugs stemming from the use of unsafe programming languages are an old and well-researched problem, the resulting vulnerabilities still dominate real-world exploitation today. Various mitigations have been proposed to…

Fine-tuning large-scale Transformers has led to the explosion of many AI applications across Natural Language Processing and Computer Vision tasks. However, fine-tuning all pre-trained model parameters becomes impractical as the model size…

Large language models (LLMs) are typically served from clusters of GPUs/NPUs that consist of large number of devices. Unfortunately, communication between these devices incurs significant overhead, increasing the inference latency and cost…

We investigate large language model performance across five orders of magnitude of compute scaling in eleven recent model architectures. We show that average benchmark performance, aggregating over many individual tasks and evaluations as…

In this paper, soft-decision (SD) decoders of permutation trellis code (PTC) with $M$-ary frequency shift keying are designed using three optimization algorithms and presented in four decoding schemes. In a concatenated code such as PTC,…

Permissioned blockchains ensure integrity and auditability of shared data but expose query parameters to peers during read operations, creating privacy risks for organizations querying sensitive records. This paper proposes a Private…

The recent push for post-Moore computer architectures has introduced a wide variety of application-specific accelerators. One particular accelerator, the resistance network analogue, has been well received due to its ability to efficiently…

Recent progress in large language models (LLMs) has focused on test-time scaling to improve reasoning via increased inference computation, but often at the cost of efficiency. We revisit test-time behavior and uncover a simple yet…

CLI agents are the closest thing language models have to an embodied setting: the model emits commands, the terminal executes them, and the returned stream -- stdout, errors, files, logs, and traces -- records the consequences. We argue…

This work presents a practical benchmarking framework for optimizing artificial intelligence (AI) models on ARM Cortex processors (M0+, M4, M7), focusing on energy efficiency, accuracy, and resource utilization in embedded systems. Through…

Using \textit{multiple streams} can improve the overall system performance by mitigating the data transfer overhead on heterogeneous systems. Prior work focuses a lot on GPUs but little is known about the performance impact on (Intel Xeon)…

Large language model (LLM) serving is becoming an increasingly important workload for cloud providers. Based on performance SLO requirements, LLM inference requests can be divided into (a) interactive requests that have tight SLOs in the…

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) often suffer from the ``over-thinking'' problem, generating unnecessarily long reasoning on simple tasks. Some strategies have been proposed to mitigate this issue, such as length penalties or routing…

Runahead execution is a technique to mask memory latency caused by irregular memory accesses. By pre-executing the application code during occurrences of long-latency operations and prefetching anticipated cache-missed data into the cache…

Traditional learning-based approaches for run-time Hardware Trojan detection require complex and expensive on-chip data acquisition frameworks and thus incur high area and power overhead. To address these challenges, we propose to leverage…

To mitigate the memory constraints associated with fine-tuning large pre-trained models, existing parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods, such as LoRA, rely on low-rank updates. However, such updates fail to fully capture the rank…

Lack of memory-safety and exposure to side channels are two prominent, persistent challenges for the secure implementation of software. Memory-safe programming languages promise to significantly reduce the prevalence of memory-safety bugs,…

Processing-in-memory (PIM) reduces data movement by executing near memory, but our large-scale characterization on real PIM hardware shows that end-to-end performance is often limited by disjoint host and device address spaces that force…

Coverage analysis is widely used but can suffer from high overhead. This overhead is especially acute in the context of Python, which is already notoriously slow (a recent study observes a roughly 30x slowdown vs. native code). We find that…

Embedded system performances are bounded by power consumption. The trend is to offload greedy computations on hardware accelerators as GPU, Xeon Phi or FPGA. FPGA chips combine both flexibility of programmable chips and energy-efficiency of…