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The performance of a deep neural network is highly dependent on its training, and finding better local optimal solutions is the goal of many optimization algorithms. However, existing optimization algorithms show a preference for descent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-06 Huangxing Lin , Weihong Zeng , Xinghao Ding , Yue Huang , Chenxi Huang , John Paisley

Utilizing task-invariant knowledge acquired from related tasks as prior information, meta-learning offers a principled approach to learning a new task with limited data records. Sample-efficient adaptation of this prior information is a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Yilang Zhang , Bingcong Li , Georgios B. Giannakis

Safety is an essential requirement for reinforcement learning systems. The newly emerging framework of robust constrained Markov decision processes allows learning policies that satisfy long-term constraints while providing guarantees under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-19 David M. Bossens , Atsushi Nitanda

We address the problem of finding the optimal policy of a constrained Markov decision process (CMDP) using a gradient descent-based algorithm. Previous results have shown that a primal-dual approach can achieve an $\mathcal{O}(1/\sqrt{T})$…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-07 Tao Liu , Ruida Zhou , Dileep Kalathil , P. R. Kumar , Chao Tian

Constrained competitive optimization involves multiple agents trying to minimize conflicting objectives, subject to constraints. This is a highly expressive modeling language that subsumes most of modern machine learning. In this work we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-06-19 Florian Schäfer , Anima Anandkumar , Houman Owhadi

Policy Mirror Descent (PMD) is a popular framework in reinforcement learning, serving as a unifying perspective that encompasses numerous algorithms. These algorithms are derived through the selection of a mirror map and enjoy finite-time…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-07 Carlo Alfano , Sebastian Towers , Silvia Sapora , Chris Lu , Patrick Rebeschini

Tremendous progress has been made in reinforcement learning (RL) over the past decade. Most of these advancements came through the continual development of new algorithms, which were designed using a combination of mathematical derivations,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Chris Lu , Jakub Grudzien Kuba , Alistair Letcher , Luke Metz , Christian Schroeder de Witt , Jakob Foerster

We provide several applications of Optimistic Mirror Descent, an online learning algorithm based on the idea of predictable sequences. First, we recover the Mirror Prox algorithm for offline optimization, prove an extension to Holder-smooth…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-11-11 Alexander Rakhlin , Karthik Sridharan

In this paper, we present a new stochastic algorithm, namely the stochastic block mirror descent (SBMD) method for solving large-scale nonsmooth and stochastic optimization problems. The basic idea of this algorithm is to incorporate the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2013-09-10 Cong D. Dang , Guanghui Lan

Stochastic optimization powers the scalability of modern artificial intelligence, spanning machine learning, deep learning, reinforcement learning, and large language model training. Yet, existing theory remains largely confined to Hilbert…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Johnny R. Zhang , Xiaomei Mi , Gaoyuan Du , Qianyi Sun , Shiqi Wang , Jiaxuan Li , Wenhua Zhou

Policy Mirror Descent (PMD) has emerged as a unifying framework in reinforcement learning (RL) by linking policy gradient methods with a first-order optimization method known as mirror descent. At its core, PMD incorporates two key…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Jan Felix Kleuker , Aske Plaat , Thomas Moerland

In Reinforcement Learning (RL), regularization has emerged as a popular tool both in theory and practice, typically based either on an entropy bonus or a Kullback-Leibler divergence that constrains successive policies. In practice, these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Alena Shilova , Alex Davey , Brahim Driss , Riad Akrour

Learning to Optimize (L2O), a technique that utilizes machine learning to learn an optimization algorithm automatically from data, has gained arising attention in recent years. A generic L2O approach parameterizes the iterative update rule…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Jialin Liu , Xiaohan Chen , Zhangyang Wang , Wotao Yin , HanQin Cai

In this work, we investigate the idea of variance reduction by studying its properties with general adaptive mirror descent algorithms in nonsmooth nonconvex finite-sum optimization problems. We propose a simple yet generalized framework…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-18 Wenjie Li , Zhanyu Wang , Yichen Zhang , Guang Cheng

Policy mirror descent (PMD) provides a principled framework for reinforcement learning (RL) by iteratively solving KL-regularized policy improvement subproblems. While this approach has been adopted in training advanced LLMs such as Kimi…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Zhenghao Xu , Qin Lu , Changlong Yu , Tuo Zhao

As application demands for online convex optimization accelerate, the need for designing new methods that simultaneously cover a large class of convex functions and impose the lowest possible regret is highly rising. Known online…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Saeed Masoudian , Ali Arabzadeh , Mahdi Jafari Siavoshani , Milad Jalal , Alireza Amouzad

Recently, a wide range of memory-efficient LLM training algorithms have gained substantial popularity. These methods leverage the low-rank structure of gradients to project optimizer states into a subspace using projection matrix found by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Kaizhao Liang , Bo Liu , Lizhang Chen , Qiang Liu

Mirror Descent is a popular algorithm, that extends Gradients Descent (GD) beyond the Euclidean geometry. One of its benefits is to enable strong convergence guarantees through smooth-like analyses, even for objectives with exploding or…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-04-19 Hadrien Hendrikx

Robust topology optimization (RTO) improves the robustness of designs with respect to random sources in real-world structures, yet an accurate sensitivity analysis requires the solution of many systems of equations at each optimization…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Weichen Li , Xiaojia Shelly Zhang

Policy Mirror Descent (PMD) stands as a versatile algorithmic framework encompassing several seminal policy gradient algorithms such as natural policy gradient, with connections with state-of-the-art reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Kimon Protopapas , Anas Barakat