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In this paper, a secure Convolutional Neural Network classifier is proposed using Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE). The secure classifier provides a user with the ability to out-source the computations to a powerful cloud server and/or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-08-14 Thomas Shortell , Ali Shokoufandeh

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) allows for the execution of computations on encrypted data without the need to decrypt it first, offering significant potential for privacy-preserving computational operations. Emerging arithmetic-based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Ardhi Wiratama Baskara Yudha , Jiaqi Xue , Qian Lou , Huiyang Zhou , Yan Solihin

We present Virtual Secure Platform (VSP), the first comprehensive platform that implements a multi-opcode general-purpose sequential processor over Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) for Secure Multi-Party Computation (SMPC). VSP protects…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Kotaro Matsuoka , Ryotaro Banno , Naoki Matsumoto , Takashi Sato , Song Bian

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as LLaMA and DeepSeek, are built on transformer architectures, which have become a standard model for achieving state-of-the-art performance in natural language processing tasks. Recently, there has been…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Bas Ahn , Xingjian Tao , Manil Dev Gomony , Marc Geilen , Henk Corporaal

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is a relatively recent advancement in the field of privacy-preserving technologies. FHE allows for the arbitrary depth computation of both addition and multiplication, and thus the application of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-29 George Onoufriou , Paul Mayfield , Georgios Leontidis

Although homomorphic encryption can be incorporated into neural network layers for securing machine learning tasks, such as confidential inference over encrypted data samples and encrypted local models in federated learning, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-23 Dongfang Zhao

Data-intensive computing tasks, such as training neural networks, are crucial for artificial intelligence applications but often come with high energy demands. One promising solution is to develop specialized hardware that directly maps…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Ankur Singh , Dowon Kim , Byung-Geun Lee

Homomorphic encryption (HE) is a promising technology for confidential cloud computing, as it allows computations on encrypted data. However, HE is computationally expensive and often memory-bound on conventional computer architectures.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Niklas Klinger , Jonas Sander , Peterson Yuhala , Pascal Felber , Thomas Eisenbarth

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is seeing increasing real-world deployment to protect data in use by allowing computation over encrypted data. However, the same malleability that enables homomorphic computations also raises integrity…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Alexander Viand , Christian Knabenhans , Anwar Hithnawi

Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) enables secure computation on encrypted data, mitigating privacy concerns in cloud and edge environments. However, due to its high compute and memory demands, extensive acceleration research has been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Wonseok Choi , Hyunah Yu , Jongmin Kim , Hyesung Ji , Jaiyoung Park , Jung Ho Ahn

In contemporary cloud-based services, protecting users' sensitive data and ensuring the confidentiality of the server's model are critical. Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) enables inference directly on encrypted inputs, but its…

We present mmFHE, the first system that enables fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) for end-to-end mmWave radar sensing. mmFHE encrypts raw range profiles on a lightweight edge device and executes the entire mmWave signal-processing and ML…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Tanvir Ahmed , Yixuan Gao , Adnan Armouti , Rajalakshmi Nandakumar

The proliferation of Transformer models is often constrained by the significant computational and memory bandwidth demands of deployment. To address this, we present MXFormer, a novel, hybrid, weight-stationary Compute-in-Memory (CIM)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-16 George Karfakis , Samyak Chakrabarty , Vinod Kurian Jacob , Siyun Qiao , Subramanian S. Iyer , Sudhakar Pamarti , Puneet Gupta

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) has the potential to substantially improve privacy and security by enabling computation directly on encrypted data. This is especially true with deep learning, as today, many popular user services are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Austin Ebel , Karthik Garimella , Brandon Reagen

Computational privacy is a property of cryptographic system that ensures the privacy of data being processed at an untrusted server. Fully Homomorphic Encryption Schemes (FHE) promise to provide such property. Contemporary FHE schemes are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-06-10 Sashank Dara

The widespread deployment of products powered by machine learning models is raising concerns around data privacy and information security worldwide. To address this issue, Federated Learning was first proposed as a privacy-preserving…

Location-based services offer immense utility, but also pose significant privacy risks. In response, we propose LocPIR, a novel framework using homomorphic encryption (HE), specifically the TFHE scheme, to preserve user location privacy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Joon Soo Yoo , Mi Yeon Hong , Ji Won Heo , Kang Hoon Lee , Ji Won Yoon

The Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) is a fundamental operation in privacy-preserving technologies, particularly within fully homomorphic encryption (FHE). The efficiency of NTT computation directly impacts the overall performance of FHE,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-18 George Alexakis , Dimitrios Schoinianakis , Giorgos Dimitrakopoulos

The exponential growth of Internet of Things (IoT) applications has intensified the demand for efficient, high-throughput, and energy-efficient data processing at the edge. Conventional CPU-centric encryption methods suffer from performance…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Rasha Karakchi , Rye Stahle-Smith , Nishant Chinnasami , Tiffany Yu

Biometric authentication systems pose privacy risks, as leaked templates such as iris or fingerprints can lead to security breaches. Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) enables secure encrypted evaluation, but its deployment is hindered by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Joon Soo Yoo , Tae Min Ahn , Ji Won Yoon