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An analysis using classical stochastic processes is used to construct a consistent system of quantum counterfactual reasoning. When applied to a counterfactual version of Hardy's paradox, it shows that the probabilistic character of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Robert B. Griffiths

Grover's search algorithm is designed to be executed on a quantum mechanical computer. In this paper, the probabilistic wp-calculus is used to model and reason about Grover's algorithm. It is demonstrated that the calculus provides a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Michael Butler , Pieter Hartel

In this paper, we propose Proq, a runtime assertion scheme for testing and debugging quantum programs on a quantum computer. The predicates in Proq are represented by projections (or equivalently, closed subspaces of the state space),…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-06-02 Gushu Li , Li Zhou , Nengkun Yu , Yufei Ding , Mingsheng Ying , Yuan Xie

The rapid progress of computer science has been accompanied by a corresponding evolution of computation, from classical computation to quantum computation. As quantum computing is on its way to becoming an established discipline of…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2010-03-10 D. K. Ningtyas , A. B. Mutiara

A new approach to efficient quantum computation with probabilistic gates is proposed and analyzed in both a local and non-local setting. It combines heralded gates previously studied for atom or atom-like qubits with logical encoding from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-19 Johannes Borregaard , Anders S. Sørensen , Ignacio Cirac , Mikhail D. Lukin

Because of the probabilistic/nondeterministic behavior of quantum programs, it is highly advisable to verify them formally to ensure that they correctly implement their specifications. Formal verification, however, also traditionally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-09 Liyi Li , Mingwei Zhu , Rance Cleaveland , Alexander Nicolellis , Yi Lee , Le Chang , Xiaodi Wu

The aim of this work is to show a brand-new way of making deterministic Quantum Computing (short QC), in the sense of Theory of Calculability, by meaning of unitary evolution. We start from the original Shor's Algorithm to explain how the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-04-05 Luigi Cimmino

We discuss classical and quantum algorithms for solvability testing and finding integer solutions x,y of equations of the form af^x + bg^y = c over finite fields GF(q). A quantum algorithm with time complexity q^(3/8) (log q)^O(1) is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-04-08 Wim van Dam , Igor E. Shparlinski

The main contribution of the present paper is the introduction of a simple yet expressive hybrid-dynamic logic for describing quantum programs. This version of quantum logic can express quantum measurements and unitary evolutions of states…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Daniel Gaina

The rapid progress of computer technology has been accompanied by a corresponding evolution of software development, from hardwired components and binary machine code to high level programming languages, which allowed to master the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Bernhard Oemer

It is difficult to extract reliable criteria for causal locality from the limited ingredients found in textbook quantum theory. In the end, Bell humbly warned that his eponymous theorem was based on criteria that "should be viewed with the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-28 Jacob A. Barandes

We present a quantum algorithmic routine that extends the realm of Grover-based heuristics for tackling combinatorial optimization problems with arbitrary efficiently computable objective and constraint functions. Building on previously…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-10 Sören Wilkening

Probabilistic logic programs are logic programs where some facts hold with a specified probability. Here, we investigate these programs with a causal framework that allows counterfactual queries. Learning the program structure from…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Kilian Rückschloß , Felix Weitkämper

In purely functional programming languages imperative features, more generally computational effects are prohibited. However, non-functional lan- guages do involve effects. The theory of decorated logic provides a rigorous for- malism (with…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-11-27 Burak Ekici

Program logics are a powerful formal method in the context of program verification. Can we develop a counterpart of program logics in the context of language verification? This paper proposes language logics, which allow for statements of…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Matteo Cimini

Bell theorems show how to experimentally falsify local realism. Conclusive falsification is highly desirable as it would provide support for the most profoundly counterintuitive feature of quantum theory - nonlocality. Despite the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-02-22 Anne Broadbent , Hilary A. Carteret , Andre Allan Methot , Jonathan Walgate

Involving only the measurements of commuting observables - the problem-setting and the corresponding solution - quantum algorithms should be subject to classical logic. This would allow flanking their customary quantum description with a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-08 Giuseppe Castagnoli

Grover's algorithm relies on the superposition and interference of quantum mechanics, which is more efficient than classical computing in specific tasks such as searching an unsorted database. Due to the high complexity of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-07 H. Sun , Z. Shi , S. Chen , G. Wang , X. Li , Y. Guan , Q. Zhang , Z. Shao

This study examines the simulation of quantum algorithms on a classical computer. The program code implemented on a classical computer will be a straight connection between the mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics and computational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-06-13 Peter Nyman

A system of quantum reasoning for a closed system is developed by treating non-relativistic quantum mechanics as a stochastic theory. The sample space corresponds to a decomposition, as a sum of orthogonal projectors, of the identity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 Robert B. Griffiths