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The vision transformer splits each image into a sequence of tokens with fixed length and processes the tokens in the same way as words in natural language processing. More tokens normally lead to better performance but considerably…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Yichen Zhu , Yuqin Zhu , Jie Du , Yi Wang , Zhicai Ou , Feifei Feng , Jian Tang

Attention is sparse in vision transformers. We observe the final prediction in vision transformers is only based on a subset of most informative tokens, which is sufficient for accurate image recognition. Based on this observation, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Yongming Rao , Wenliang Zhao , Benlin Liu , Jiwen Lu , Jie Zhou , Cho-Jui Hsieh

We propose Vision Token Turing Machines (ViTTM), an efficient, low-latency, memory-augmented Vision Transformer (ViT). Our approach builds on Neural Turing Machines and Token Turing Machines, which were applied to NLP and sequential visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Purvish Jajal , Nick John Eliopoulos , Benjamin Shiue-Hal Chou , George K. Thiruvathukal , James C. Davis , Yung-Hsiang Lu

The quadratic computational complexity to the number of tokens limits the practical applications of Vision Transformers (ViTs). Several works propose to prune redundant tokens to achieve efficient ViTs. However, these methods generally…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Shuning Chang , Pichao Wang , Ming Lin , Fan Wang , David Junhao Zhang , Rong Jin , Mike Zheng Shou

Slow inference speed is one of the most crucial concerns for deploying multi-view 3D detectors to tasks with high real-time requirements like autonomous driving. Although many sparse query-based methods have already attempted to improve the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Dingyuan Zhang , Dingkang Liang , Zichang Tan , Xiaoqing Ye , Cheng Zhang , Jingdong Wang , Xiang Bai

Due to its significant capability of modeling long-range dependencies, vision transformer (ViT) has achieved promising success in both holistic and occluded person re-identification (Re-ID) tasks. However, the inherent problems of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Junzhu Mao , Yazhou Yao , Zeren Sun , Xingguo Huang , Fumin Shen , Heng-Tao Shen

Vision Transformer (ViT) architectures are becoming increasingly popular and widely employed to tackle computer vision applications. Their main feature is the capacity to extract global information through the self-attention mechanism,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Lorenzo Papa , Paolo Russo , Irene Amerini , Luping Zhou

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have achieved significant success across various tasks. These models usually encode visual inputs into dense token sequences, which are then concatenated with textual tokens and jointly processed by a language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Hao Zhang , Mengsi Lyu , Chenrui He , Yulong Ao , Yonghua Lin

Vision transformers have achieved significant improvements on various vision tasks but their quadratic interactions between tokens significantly reduce computational efficiency. Many pruning methods have been proposed to remove redundant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Sifan Long , Zhen Zhao , Jimin Pi , Shengsheng Wang , Jingdong Wang

Although vision transformers (ViT) have shown remarkable success in various vision tasks, their computationally expensive self-attention hinder their deployment on resource-constrained devices. Token reduction, which discards less important…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Haoyue Zhang , Jie Zhang , Song Guo

Vision-Language Models suffer severe KV cache pressure at inference, as a single image often encodes into thousands of tokens. Most existing methods exploit token sparsity through token pruning, but permanently discarding visual content…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Beomseok Kang , Dongwon Jo , Jiwon Song , Donghwee Son , Jae-Joon Kim

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have achieved remarkable success in visual recognition tasks, but redundant token representations limit their computational efficiency. Existing token merging and pruning strategies often overlook spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Yunge Li , Lanyu Xu

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have successfully been applied to image classification problems where large annotated datasets are available. On the other hand, when fewer annotations are available, such as in biomedical applications, image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Felipe A. Quezada , Carlos F. Navarro , Cristian Muñoz , Manuel Zamorano , Jorge Jara-Wilde , Violeta Chang , Cristóbal A. Navarro , Mauricio Cerda

Vision Transformers (ViT) have achieved remarkable success in large-scale image recognition. They split every 2D image into a fixed number of patches, each of which is treated as a token. Generally, representing an image with more tokens…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Yulin Wang , Rui Huang , Shiji Song , Zeyi Huang , Gao Huang

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have revolutionized the field of computer vision, yet their deployments on resource-constrained devices remain challenging due to high computational demands. To expedite pre-trained ViTs, token pruning and token…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Xuwei Xu , Sen Wang , Yudong Chen , Yanping Zheng , Zhewei Wei , Jiajun Liu

Attention-based vision models, such as Vision Transformer (ViT) and its variants, have shown promising performance in various computer vision tasks. However, these emerging architectures suffer from large model sizes and high computational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Jinqi Xiao , Miao Yin , Yu Gong , Xiao Zang , Jian Ren , Bo Yuan

Vision transformers (ViTs) have become the popular structures and outperformed convolutional neural networks (CNNs) on various vision tasks. However, such powerful transformers bring a huge computation burden, because of the exhausting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Zhuofan Zong , Kunchang Li , Guanglu Song , Yali Wang , Yu Qiao , Biao Leng , Yu Liu

Vision Transformers (ViT) have emerged as the de-facto choice for numerous industry grade vision solutions. But their inference cost can be prohibitive for many settings, as they compute self-attention in each layer which suffers from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Rajat Koner , Gagan Jain , Prateek Jain , Volker Tresp , Sujoy Paul

Vision Transformer (ViT) is emerging as the state-of-the-art architecture for image recognition. While recent studies suggest that ViTs are more robust than their convolutional counterparts, our experiments find that ViTs trained on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Chengzhi Mao , Lu Jiang , Mostafa Dehghani , Carl Vondrick , Rahul Sukthankar , Irfan Essa

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have achieved remarkable success across various vision tasks, yet their deployment is often hindered by prohibitive computational costs. While structured weight pruning and token compression have emerged as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Hyunchan Moon , Cheonjun Park , Steven L. Waslander