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Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) refers to a set of encryption schemes that allow computations to be applied directly on encrypted data without requiring a secret key. This enables novel application scenarios where a client can safely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-02 Roshan Dathathri , Olli Saarikivi , Hao Chen , Kim Laine , Kristin Lauter , Saeed Maleki , Madanlal Musuvathi , Todd Mytkowicz

In today's data-driven world, recommendation systems personalize user experiences across industries but rely on sensitive data, raising privacy concerns. Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) can secure these systems, but a significant…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Moontaha Nishat Chowdhury , André Bauer , Minxuan Zhou

Homomorphic encryption (HE) and secret sharing (SS) enable computations on encrypted data, providing significant privacy benefits for large transformer-based models (TBM) in sensitive sectors like medicine and finance. However, private TBM…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Yuntian Chen , Zhanyong Tang , Tianpei Lu , Bingsheng Zhang , Zhiying Shi , Zheng Wang

Cloud computing is an important part of today's world because offloading computations is a method to reduce costs. In this paper, we investigate computing the Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) using Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE).…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-07-20 Thomas Shortell , Ali Shokoufandeh

Transfer learning is a de facto standard method for efficiently training machine learning models for data-scarce problems by adding and fine-tuning new classification layers to a model pre-trained on large datasets. Although numerous…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Seewoo Lee , Garam Lee , Jung Woo Kim , Junbum Shin , Mun-Kyu Lee

Medical data is often highly sensitive in terms of data privacy and security concerns. Federated learning, one type of machine learning techniques, has been started to use for the improvement of the privacy and security of medical data. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Febrianti Wibawa , Ferhat Ozgur Catak , Salih Sarp , Murat Kuzlu , Umit Cali

Large language model (LLM) based services are primarily structured as client-server interactions, with clients sending queries directly to cloud providers that host LLMs. This approach currently compromises data privacy as all queries must…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Karthik Garimella , Negar Neda , Austin Ebel , Nandan Kumar Jha , Brandon Reagen

Homomorphic Encryption (HE) enables secure computation on encrypted data, addressing privacy concerns in cloud computing. However, the high computational cost of HE operations, particularly matrix multiplication (MM), remains a major…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Zhihan Xu , Rajgopal Kannan , Viktor K. Prasanna

In this technical report, we explore the use of homomorphic encryption (HE) in the context of training and predicting with deep learning (DL) models to deliver strict \textit{Privacy by Design} services, and to enforce a zero-trust model of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-18 Francis Dutil , Alexandre See , Lisa Di Jorio , Florent Chandelier

Federated Learning (FL) is a collaborative method for training machine learning models while preserving the confidentiality of the participants' training data. Nevertheless, FL is vulnerable to reconstruction attacks that exploit shared…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Enrico Sorbera , Federica Zanetti , Giacomo Brandi , Alessandro Tomasi , Roberto Doriguzzi-Corin , Silvio Ranise

Machine learning (ML) systems that guarantee security and privacy often rely on Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) as a cornerstone technique, enabling computations on encrypted data without exposing sensitive information. However, a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Dongfang Zhao

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is a technique that allows arbitrary computations to be performed on encrypted data without the need for decryption, making it ideal for securing many emerging applications. However, FHE computation is…

In sectors such as finance and healthcare, where data governance is subject to rigorous regulatory requirements, the exchange and utilization of data are particularly challenging. Federated Learning (FL) has risen as a pioneering…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Siyang Jiang , Hao Yang , Qipeng Xie , Chuan Ma , Sen Wang , Guoliang Xing

Homomorphic Encryption (HE) allows secure and privacy-protected computation on encrypted data without the need to decrypt it. Since Shor's algorithm rendered prime factorisation and discrete logarithm-based ciphers insecure with quantum…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Siddhartha Siddhiprada Bhoi , Arathi Arakala , Amy Beth Corman , Asha Rao

Data privacy concerns often prevent the use of cloud-based machine learning services for sensitive personal data. While homomorphic encryption (HE) offers a potential solution by enabling computations on encrypted data, the challenge is to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-08 Kanthi Sarpatwar , Karthik Nandakumar , Nalini Ratha , James Rayfield , Karthikeyan Shanmugam , Sharath Pankanti , Roman Vaculin

Privacy, security and data governance constraints rule out a brute force process in the integration of cross-silo data, which inherits the development of the Internet of Things. Federated learning is proposed to ensure that all parties can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Dongqi Cai , Tao Fan , Yan Kang , Lixin Fan , Mengwei Xu , Shangguang Wang , Qiang Yang

Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) enables an entity to perform arbitrary computation on encrypted data without decrypting the ciphertexts. An ongoing group-theoretical approach to construct an FHE scheme uses a certain "compression"…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-04 Koji Nuida

Federated learning (FL) faces a critical dilemma: existing protection mechanisms like differential privacy (DP) and homomorphic encryption (HE) enforce a rigid trade-off, forcing a choice between model utility and computational efficiency.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Zihou Wu , Yuecheng Li , Tianchi Liao , Jian Lou , Chuan Chen

Homomorphic encryption is a sophisticated encryption technique that allows computations on encrypted data to be done without the requirement for decryption. This trait makes homomorphic encryption appropriate for safe computation in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Nimish Jain , Aswani Kumar Cherukuri

This paper aims to propose a novel framework to address the data privacy issue for Federated Learning (FL)-based Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) in Internet-of-Vehicles(IoVs) with limited computational resources. In particular, in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Bui Duc Manh , Chi-Hieu Nguyen , Dinh Thai Hoang , Diep N. Nguyen