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The recent success of large pre-trained language models (PLMs) heavily hinges on massive labeled data, which typically produces inferior performance in low-resource scenarios. To remedy this dilemma, we study self-training as one of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Jianing Wang , Qiushi Sun , Nuo Chen , Chengyu Wang , Jun Huang , Ming Gao , Xiang Li

Machine learning approaches applied to NLP are often evaluated by summarizing their performance in a single number, for example accuracy. Since most test sets are constructed as an i.i.d. sample from the overall data, this approach overly…

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated great potential for automating the evaluation of natural language generation. Previous frameworks of LLM-as-a-judge fall short in two ways: they either use zero-shot setting without consulting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Mingxuan Li , Hanchen Li , Chenhao Tan

Large language models (LLMs) are being increasingly tuned to power complex generation tasks such as writing, fact-seeking, querying and reasoning. Traditionally, human or model feedback for evaluating and further tuning LLM performance has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Yukti Makhija , Priyanka Agrawal , Rishi Saket , Aravindan Raghuveer

Feedback is a critical aspect of improvement. Unfortunately, when there is a lot of feedback from multiple sources, it can be difficult to distill the information into actionable insights. Consider student evaluations of teaching (SETs),…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Andrew Katz , Mitchell Gerhardt , Michelle Soledad

Code-focused Large Language Models (LLMs), such as CodeX and Star-Coder, have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in enhancing developer productivity through context-aware code generation. However, evaluating the quality and security of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Cheng Cheng , Jinqiu Yang

Generating coherent and cohesive long-form texts is a challenging task. Previous works relied on large amounts of human-generated texts to train neural language models. However, few attempted to explicitly improve neural language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Woon Sang Cho , Pengchuan Zhang , Yizhe Zhang , Xiujun Li , Michel Galley , Chris Brockett , Mengdi Wang , Jianfeng Gao

Automating the decision of whether a code change requires manual review is vital for maintaining software quality in modern development workflows. However, the emergence of new programming languages and frameworks creates a critical…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Yogev Cohen , Dudi Ohayon , Romy Somkin , Yehudit Aperstein , Alexander Apartsin

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have created new opportunities to enhance performance on complex reasoning tasks by leveraging test-time computation. However, existing scaling methods have key limitations: parallel…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Jiefeng Chen , Jie Ren , Xinyun Chen , Chengrun Yang , Ruoxi Sun , Jinsung Yoon , Sercan Ö Arık

Question generation is a conditioned language generation task that consists in generating a context-aware question given a context and the targeted answer. Train language modelling with a mere likelihood maximization has been widely used…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Loïc , Kwate Dassi

Semiparametric language models (LMs) have shown promise in continuously learning from new text data by combining a parameterized neural LM with a growable non-parametric memory for memorizing new content. However, conventional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Guangyue Peng , Tao Ge , Si-Qing Chen , Furu Wei , Houfeng Wang

For researchers leveraging Large-Language Models (LLMs) in the generation of training datasets, especially for conversational recommender systems - the absence of robust evaluation frameworks has been a long-standing problem. The efficiency…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-19 Harsh Lara , Manoj Tiwari

Large language models (LLMs) make remarkable progress in reasoning tasks. Among different reasoning modes, inductive reasoning, due to its better alignment with human learning, attracts increasing interest. However, research on inductive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Kedi Chen , Zhikai Lei , Xu Guo , Xuecheng Wu , Siyuan Zeng , Jianghao Yin , Yinqi Zhang , Qin Chen , Jie Zhou , Liang He , Qipeng Guo , Kai Chen , Wei Zhang

Traditional metrics like BLEU and BERTScore fail to capture semantic fidelity in generative text-to-text tasks. We adapt the Cross-Examination Framework (CEF) for a reference-free, multi-dimensional evaluation by treating the source and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Tathagata Raha , Clement Christophe , Nada Saadi , Hamza A Javed , Marco AF Pimentel , Ronnie Rajan , Praveenkumar Kanithi

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to refactor unit tests, improving readability and structure while preserving behavior. Evaluating such refactorings, however, remains difficult: metrics like CodeBLEU penalize beneficial…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Wendkûuni C. Ouédraogo , Yinghua Li , Xueqi Dang , Xin Zhou , Anil Koyuncu , Jacques Klein , David Lo , Tegawendé F. Bissyandé

While large language models (LLMs) can already achieve strong performance on standard generic summarization benchmarks, their performance on more complex summarization task settings is less studied. Therefore, we benchmark LLMs on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Yixin Liu , Alexander R. Fabbri , Jiawen Chen , Yilun Zhao , Simeng Han , Shafiq Joty , Pengfei Liu , Dragomir Radev , Chien-Sheng Wu , Arman Cohan

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have emerged as a groundbreaking technology and their unparalleled text generation capabilities have sparked interest in their application to the fundamental sentence representation learning task.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Huiming Wang , Zhaodonghui Li , Liying Cheng , Soh De Wen , Lidong Bing

Label noise is ubiquitous in various machine learning scenarios such as self-labeling with model predictions and erroneous data annotation. Many existing approaches are based on heuristics such as sample losses, which might not be flexible…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Zhihao Wang , Zongyu Lin , Peiqi Liu , Guidong ZHeng , Junjie Wen , Xianxin Chen , Yujun Chen , Zhilin Yang

Automatic evaluation metrics are crucial for advancing sign language translation (SLT). Current SLT evaluation metrics, such as BLEU and ROUGE, are only text-based, and it remains unclear to what extent text-based metrics can reliably…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Shakib Yazdani , Yasser Hamidullah , Cristina España-Bonet , Eleftherios Avramidis , Josef van Genabith

Learned metrics such as BLEURT have in recent years become widely employed to evaluate the quality of machine translation systems. Training such metrics requires data which can be expensive and difficult to acquire, particularly for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-08 Amirkeivan Mohtashami , Mauro Verzetti , Paul K. Rubenstein