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In-context learning (ICL) enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to learn tasks from demonstration examples without parameter updates. Although it has been extensively studied in LLMs, its effectiveness in Vision-Language Models (VLMs)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Gabriel O. dos Santos , Esther Colombini , Sandra Avila

The development of large language models leads to the formation of a pre-train-then-align paradigm, in which the model is typically pre-trained on a large text corpus and undergoes a tuning stage to align the model with human preference or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Kaiser Sun , Mark Dredze

Recent studies demonstrated that large language models (LLMs) can excel in many tasks via in-context learning (ICL). However, recent works show that ICL-prompted models tend to produce inaccurate results when presented with adversarial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Xuanli He , Yuxiang Wu , Oana-Maria Camburu , Pasquale Minervini , Pontus Stenetorp

Large language models (LLMs) often demonstrate inconsistencies with human preferences. Previous research typically gathered human preference data and then aligned the pre-trained models using reinforcement learning or instruction tuning,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Yuhui Li , Fangyun Wei , Jinjing Zhao , Chao Zhang , Hongyang Zhang

Understanding the emotions in a dialogue usually requires external knowledge to accurately understand the contents. As the LLMs become more and more powerful, we do not want to settle on the limited ability of the pre-trained language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Han Zhang , Yu Lu , Liyun Zhang , Dian Ding , Dinghua Zhao , Yi-Chao Chen , Ye Wu , Guangtao Xue

We analyze how well pre-trained large language models (e.g., Llama2, GPT-4, Claude 3, etc) can do linear and non-linear regression when given in-context examples, without any additional training or gradient updates. Our findings reveal that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Robert Vacareanu , Vlad-Andrei Negru , Vasile Suciu , Mihai Surdeanu

This paper describes the systems submitted by team6 for ChatEval, the DSTC 11 Track 4 competition. We present three different approaches to predicting turn-level qualities of chatbot responses based on large language models (LLMs). We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Ondřej Plátek , Vojtěch Hudeček , Patricia Schmidtová , Mateusz Lango , Ondřej Dušek

The answering quality of an aligned large language model (LLM) can be drastically improved if treated with proper crafting of prompts. In this paper, we propose ExpertPrompting to elicit the potential of LLMs to answer as distinguished…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Benfeng Xu , An Yang , Junyang Lin , Quan Wang , Chang Zhou , Yongdong Zhang , Zhendong Mao

Instruction tuning of open-source large language models (LLMs) like LLaMA, using direct outputs from more powerful LLMs such as Instruct-GPT and GPT-4, has proven to be a cost-effective way to align model behaviors with human preferences.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Haoran Li , Yiran Liu , Xingxing Zhang , Wei Lu , Furu Wei

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable performance improvement through in-context learning (ICL) by leveraging task-specific examples in the input. However, the mechanisms behind this improvement remain elusive. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Safoora Yousefi , Leo Betthauser , Hosein Hasanbeig , Raphaël Millière , Ida Momennejad

Combining a pretrained language model (PLM) with textual patterns has been shown to help in both zero- and few-shot settings. For zero-shot performance, it makes sense to design patterns that closely resemble the text seen during…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Martin Schmitt , Hinrich Schütze

Multilingual large language models (LLMs) seem to generalize somewhat across languages. We hypothesize this is a result of implicit vector space alignment. Evaluating such alignment, we see that larger models exhibit very high-quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Qiwei Peng , Anders Søgaard

Large language models (LLMs) have had a huge impact on society due to their impressive capabilities and vast knowledge of the world. Various applications and tools have been created that allow users to interact with these models in a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-25 Eric Nuertey Coleman , Julio Hurtado , Vincenzo Lomonaco

Large Language Models like ChatGPT demonstrate a remarkable capacity to learn new concepts during inference without any fine-tuning. However, visual models trained to detect new objects during inference have been unable to replicate this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Christopher Fifty , Dennis Duan , Ronald G. Junkins , Ehsan Amid , Jure Leskovec , Christopher Re , Sebastian Thrun

Modern language models (LMs) need to follow human instructions while being faithful; yet, they often fail to achieve both. Here, we provide concrete evidence of a trade-off between instruction following (i.e., follow open-ended…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Zhengxuan Wu , Yuhao Zhang , Peng Qi , Yumo Xu , Rujun Han , Yian Zhang , Jifan Chen , Bonan Min , Zhiheng Huang

Few-shot fine-tuning and in-context learning are two alternative strategies for task adaptation of pre-trained language models. Recently, in-context learning has gained popularity over fine-tuning due to its simplicity and improved…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Marius Mosbach , Tiago Pimentel , Shauli Ravfogel , Dietrich Klakow , Yanai Elazar

The purpose of instruction tuning is enabling zero-shot performance, but instruction tuning has also been shown to improve chain-of-thought reasoning and value alignment (Si et al., 2023). Here we consider the impact on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Constanza Fierro , Jiaang Li , Anders Søgaard

In-context learning (ICL) enables task adaptation at inference time by conditioning on demonstrations rather than updating model parameters. Although recent time-series foundation models incorporate contextual conditioning, retrieval, or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Anish Saha , Konstantin Shmakov

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in natural language processing but exhibit significant performance gaps among different languages. Most existing approaches to address these disparities rely on pretraining or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Weixuan Wang , Minghao Wu , Barry Haddow , Alexandra Birch