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As deep image forgery powered by AI generative models, such as GANs, continues to challenge today's digital world, detecting AI-generated forgeries has become a vital security topic. Generalizability and robustness are two critical concerns…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Chi Liu , Tianqing Zhu , Wanlei Zhou , Wei Zhao

Deepfake detection models often struggle with generalization to unseen datasets, manifesting as misclassifying real instances as fake in target domains. This is primarily due to an overreliance on forgery artifacts and a limited…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Ming-Hui Liu , Harry Cheng , Tianyi Wang , Xin Luo , Xin-Shun Xu

With the development of generative artificial intelligence, new forgery methods are rapidly emerging. Social platforms are flooded with vast amounts of unlabeled synthetic data and authentic data, making it increasingly challenging to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Midou Guo , Qilin Yin , Wei Lu , Xiangyang Luo

Deepfake detection is formulated as a hypothesis testing problem to classify an image as genuine or GAN-generated. A robust statistics view of GANs is considered to bound the error probability for various GAN implementations in terms of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-10 Sakshi Agarwal , Lav R. Varshney

Generative techniques continue to evolve at an impressively high rate, driven by the hype about these technologies. This rapid advancement severely limits the application of deepfake detectors, which, despite numerous efforts by the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Francesco Tassone , Luca Maiano , Irene Amerini

In this paper, we analyse the generalization ability of binary classifiers for the task of deepfake detection. We find that the stumbling block to their generalization is caused by the unexpected learned identity representation on images.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-13 Shichao Dong , Jin Wang , Renhe Ji , Jiajun Liang , Haoqiang Fan , Zheng Ge

DeepFake detection is pivotal in personal privacy and public safety. With the iterative advancement of DeepFake techniques, high-quality forged videos and images are becoming increasingly deceptive. Prior research has seen numerous attempts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Qinlin He , Chunlei Peng , Decheng Liu , Nannan Wang , Xinbo Gao

Detecting diffusion-generated images has recently grown into an emerging research area. Existing diffusion-based datasets predominantly focus on general image generation. However, facial forgeries, which pose a more severe social risk, have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Harry Cheng , Yangyang Guo , Tianyi Wang , Liqiang Nie , Mohan Kankanhalli

Social media is currently being used by many individuals online as a major source of information. However, not all information shared online is true, even photos and videos can be doctored. Deepfakes have recently risen with the rise of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Jacob mallet , Laura Pryor , Rushit Dave , Mounika Vanamala

When capturing and storing images, devices inevitably introduce noise. Reducing this noise is a critical task called image denoising. Deep learning has become the de facto method for image denoising, especially with the emergence of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Haoyu Chen , Jinjin Gu , Yihao Liu , Salma Abdel Magid , Chao Dong , Qiong Wang , Hanspeter Pfister , Lei Zhu

The mushroomed Deepfake synthetic materials circulated on the internet have raised a profound social impact on politicians, celebrities, and individuals worldwide. In this survey, we provide a thorough review of the existing Deepfake…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Tianyi Wang , Xin Liao , Kam Pui Chow , Xiaodong Lin , Yinglong Wang

With the development of the Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and DeepFakes, AI-synthesized images are now of such high quality that humans can hardly distinguish them from real images. It is imperative for media forensics to develop…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Yan Ju , Shan Jia , Lipeng Ke , Hongfei Xue , Koki Nagano , Siwei Lyu

Machine learning-based Deepfake detection models have achieved impressive results on benchmark datasets, yet their performance often deteriorates significantly when evaluated on out-of-distribution data. In this work, we investigate an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Haroon Wahab , Hassan Ugail , Lujain Jaleel

The growing sophistication of deepfakes presents substantial challenges to the integrity of media and the preservation of public trust. Concurrently, vision-language models (VLMs), large language models enhanced with visual reasoning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Shahroz Tariq , David Nguyen , M. A. P. Chamikara , Tingmin Wu , Alsharif Abuadbba , Kristen Moore

Significant advancements made in the generation of deepfakes have caused security and privacy issues. Attackers can easily impersonate a person's identity in an image by replacing his face with the target person's face. Moreover, a new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-08 Hasam Khalid , Minha Kim , Shahroz Tariq , Simon S. Woo

Manipulated videos, especially those where the identity of an individual has been modified using deep neural networks, are becoming an increasingly relevant threat in the modern day. In this paper, we seek to develop a generalizable,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-23 Steven Schwarcz , Rama Chellappa

AI-generated synthetic media are increasingly used in real-world scenarios, often with the purpose of spreading misinformation and propaganda through social media platforms, where compression and other processing can degrade fake detection…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Stefano Dell'Anna , Andrea Montibeller , Giulia Boato

With rapid advancements in generative modeling, deepfake techniques are increasingly narrowing the gap between real and synthetic videos, raising serious privacy and security concerns. Beyond traditional face swapping and reenactment, an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Tharun Anand , Siva Sankar Sajeev , Pravin Nair

A fast-paced development of DeepFake generation techniques challenge the detection schemes designed for known type DeepFakes. A reliable Deepfake detection approach must be agnostic to generation types, which can present diverse quality and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Ying Xu , Kiran Raja , Luisa Verdoliva , Marius Pedersen

Recent advances in AI technology have made the forgery of digital images and videos easier, and it has become significantly more difficult to identify such forgeries. These forgeries, if disseminated with malicious intent, can negatively…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-30 Chia-Mu Yu , Ching-Tang Chang , Yen-Wu Ti