Related papers: Options are also options on options: how to smile …
Real life hedging in the Black-Scholes model must be imperfect and if the stock's drift is higher than the risk free rate, leads to a profit on average. Hence the option price is examined as a fair game agreement between the parties, based…
The true probability of a European call option to achieve positive return is investigated under the Black-Scholes model. It is found that the probability is determined by those market factors appearing in the BS formula, besides the growth…
Closed form option pricing formulae explaining skew and smile are obtained within a parsimonious non-Gaussian framework. We extend the non-Gaussian option pricing model of L. Borland (Quantitative Finance, {\bf 2}, 415-431, 2002) to include…
The space of call price functions has a natural noncommutative semigroup structure with an involution. A basic example is the Black--Scholes call price surface, from which an interesting inequality for Black--Scholes implied volatility is…
Drawing insights from the triumph of relativistic over classical mechanics when velocities approach the speed of light, we explore a similar improvement to the seminal Black-Scholes (Black and Scholes (1973)) option pricing formula by…
We derive new formulas for the price of the European call and put options in the Black-Scholes model, under the form of uniformly convergent series generalizing previously known approximations. We also provide precise boundaries for the…
We derive the Black-Scholes-Merton dual equation, which has exactly the same form as the Black-Scholes-Merton equation. The novel and general equation works for options with a payoff of homogeneous of degree one, including European,…
A new theory for pricing options of a stock is presented. It is based on the assumption that while successive variations in return are uncorrelated, the frequency with which a stock is traded depends on the value of the return. The solution…
A motivating question in this paper is whether a sensible investment strategy may systematically contain long positions in out-of-the-money European calls with short expiry. Here we consider a very simple trading strategy for calls. The…
Our derivation of the distribution function for future returns is based on the risk neutral approach which gives a functional dependence for the European call (put) option price, C(K), given the strike price, K, and the distribution…
In this work, we give a generalized formulation of the Black-Scholes model. The novelty resides in considering the Black-Scholes model to be valid on 'average', but such that the pointwise option price dynamics depends on a measure…
The Black-Scholes model gives vanilla Europen call option prices as a function of the volatility. We prove Lipschitz stability in the inverse problem of determining the implied volatility, which is a function of the underlying asset, from a…
The Black-Scholes model (sometimes known as the Black-Scholes-Merton model) gives a theoretical estimate for the price of European options. The price evolution under this model is described by the Black-Scholes formula, one of the most…
Following the foundational work of the Black--Scholes model, extensive research has been developed to price the option by addressing its underlying assumptions and associated pricing biases. This study introduces a novel framework for…
We build a methodology that takes a given option price in the tails with strike $K$ and extends (for calls, all strikes > $K$, for puts all strikes $< K$) assuming the continuation falls into what we define as "Karamata Constant" over which…
The aim of this paper is to investigate the use of close formula approximation for pricing European mortgage options. Under the assumption of logistic duration and normal mortgage rates the underlying price at the option expiry is…
There is a well developed framework, the Black-Scholes theory, for the pricing of contracts based on the future prices of certain assets, called options. This theory assumes that the probability distribution of the returns of the underlying…
In this article we present new results for the pricing of arithmetic Asian options within a Black-Scholes context. To derive these results we make extensive use of the local scale invariance that exists in the theory of contingent claim…
The author presents alternatives to the Black-Scholes european call option pricing model by incorporating different transaction cost structures in the replicating strategy. In particular, an exponentially decreasing structure is proposed…
In this paper we investigate a nonlinear generalization of the Black-Scholes equation for pricing American style call options in which the volatility term may depend on the underlying asset price and the Gamma of the option. We propose a…