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Deep learning based approaches like Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) and DeepONets have shown promise on solving PDE constrained optimization (PDECO) problems. However, existing methods are insufficient to handle those PDE…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Zhongkai Hao , Chengyang Ying , Hang Su , Jun Zhu , Jian Song , Ze Cheng

Deep learning has achieved remarkable success in diverse applications; however, its use in solving partial differential equations (PDEs) has emerged only recently. Here, we present an overview of physics-informed neural networks (PINNs),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Lu Lu , Xuhui Meng , Zhiping Mao , George E. Karniadakis

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) provide a powerful approach for solving partial differential equations (PDEs), but constructing a usable PINN remains labor-intensive and error-prone. Scientists must interpret problems as PDE…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Xin He , Liangliang You , Hongduan Tian , Bo Han , Ivor Tsang , Yew-Soon Ong

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as a new learning paradigm for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) by enforcing the constraints of physical equations, boundary conditions (BCs), and initial conditions (ICs)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Chenhong Zhou , Jie Chen , Zaifeng Yang , Ching Eng Png

The potential of learned models for fundamental scientific research and discovery is drawing increasing attention worldwide. Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), where the loss function directly embeds governing equations of scientific…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Nicholas Sung Wei Yong , Jian Cheng Wong , Pao-Hsiung Chiu , Abhishek Gupta , Chinchun Ooi , Yew-Soon Ong

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) [4, 10] are an approach for solving boundary value problems based on differential equations (PDEs). The key idea of PINNs is to use a neural network to approximate the solution to the PDE and to…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-05-23 Victorita Dolean , Alexander Heinlein , Siddhartha Mishra , Ben Moseley

Many Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) do not have analytical solution, and can only be solved by numerical methods. In this context, Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINN) have become important in the last decades, since it uses a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-11-18 Lawson Oliveira Lima , Julien Rosenberger , Esteban Antier , Frederic Magoules

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are neural networks that embed the laws of dynamical systems modeled by differential equations into their loss function as constraints. In this work, we present a PINN framework applied to oncology.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Kayode Olumoyin , Katarzyna Rejniak

Physics informed neural network (PINN) based solution methods for differential equations have recently shown success in a variety of scientific computing applications. Several authors have reported difficulties, however, when using PINNs to…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-10-16 Arnav Gangal , Luis Kim , Sean P. Carney

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) represent a significant advancement in scientific machine learning by integrating fundamental physical laws into their architecture through loss functions. PINNs have been successfully applied to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Wei Zhou , Y. F. Xu

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have attracted a lot of attention in scientific computing as their functional representation of partial differential equation (PDE) solutions offers flexibility and accuracy features. However, their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Xinquan Huang , Tariq Alkhalifah

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) solve time-dependent partial differential equations (PDEs) by learning a mesh-free, differentiable solution that can be evaluated anywhere in space and time. However, standard space--time PINNs take…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Chen-Yang Dai , Che-Chia Chang , Te-Sheng Lin , Ming-Chih Lai , Chieh-Hsin Lai

In this paper, we present a novel methodology for automatic adaptive weighting of Bayesian Physics-Informed Neural Networks (BPINNs), and we demonstrate that this makes it possible to robustly address multi-objective and multi-scale…

Computational Physics · Physics 2023-08-09 Sarah Perez , Suryanarayana Maddu , Ivo F. Sbalzarini , Philippe Poncet

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) provide a powerful and general framework for solving Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) by embedding physical laws into loss functions. However, training PINNs is notoriously difficult due to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Kang An , Chenhao Si , Ming Yan , Shiqian Ma

We introduce adaptive-basis physics-informed neural networks (AB-PINNs), a novel approach to domain decomposition for training PINNs in which existing subdomains dynamically adapt to the intrinsic features of the unknown solution. Drawing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Jonah Botvinick-Greenhouse , Wael H. Ali , Mouhacine Benosman , Saviz Mowlavi

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as powerful tools for solving a wide range of partial differential equations (PDEs). However, despite their user-friendly interface and broad applicability, PINNs encounter challenges in…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-05-07 Zhengqi Zhang , Jing Li , Bin Liu

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) provide a means of obtaining approximate solutions of partial differential equations and systems through the minimisation of an objective function which includes the evaluation of a residual function…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Jose Florido , He Wang , Amirul Khan , Peter K. Jimack

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) and their variants have been very popular in recent years as algorithms for the numerical simulation of both forward and inverse problems for partial differential equations. This article aims to…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-11-20 Tim De Ryck , Siddhartha Mishra

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as a versatile and widely applicable concept across various science and engineering domains over the past decade. This article offers a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals of…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Sai Ganga , Ziya Uddin

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are an influential method of solving differential equations and estimating their parameters given data. However, since they make use of neural networks, they provide only a point estimate of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Lena Podina , Mahdi Torabi Rad , Mohammad Kohandel