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As collaborative learning allows joint training of a model using multiple sources of data, the security problem has been a central concern. Malicious users can upload poisoned data to prevent the model's convergence or inject hidden…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-21 Ximing Qiao , Yuhua Bai , Siping Hu , Ang Li , Yiran Chen , Hai Li

Model inversion attacks pose a significant privacy risk by attempting to reconstruct private training data from trained models. Most of the existing methods either depend on gradient estimation or require white-box access to model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Xinpeng Shou

Diffusion models (DMs) are advanced deep learning models that achieved state-of-the-art capability on a wide range of generative tasks. However, recent studies have shown their vulnerability regarding backdoor attacks, in which backdoored…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Vu Tuan Truong , Long Bao Le

Augmenting language models with image inputs may enable more effective jailbreak attacks through continuous optimization, unlike text inputs that require discrete optimization. However, new multimodal fusion models tokenize all input…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Javier Rando , Hannah Korevaar , Erik Brinkman , Ivan Evtimov , Florian Tramèr

Machine learning systems are vulnerable to backdoor attacks, where attackers manipulate model behavior through data tampering or architectural modifications. Traditional backdoor attacks involve injecting malicious samples with specific…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Yuan Ma , Jiankang Wei , Yilun Lyu , Kehao Chen , Jingtong Huang

Modern online multiple object tracking (MOT) methods usually focus on two directions to improve tracking performance. One is to predict new positions in an incoming frame based on tracking information from previous frames, and the other is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-02 Song Guo , Jingya Wang , Xinchao Wang , Dacheng Tao

Despite remarkable successes in unimodal learning tasks, backdoor attacks against cross-modal learning are still underexplored due to the limited generalization and inferior stealthiness when involving multiple modalities. Notably, since…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Zheng Zhang , Xu Yuan , Lei Zhu , Jingkuan Song , Liqiang Nie

Backdoor attacks pose a critical threat to machine learning models, causing them to behave normally on clean data but misclassify poisoned data into a poisoned class. Existing defenses often attempt to identify and remove backdoor neurons…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Kazuki Iwahana , Yusuke Yamasaki , Akira Ito , Takayuki Miura , Toshiki Shibahara

Backdoor attacks pose a persistent security risk to deep neural networks (DNNs) due to their stealth and durability. While recent research has explored leveraging model unlearning mechanisms to enhance backdoor concealment, existing attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Baogang Song , Dongdong Zhao , Jianwen Xiang , Qiben Xu , Zizhuo Yu

Adversarial training (AT) can help improve the robustness of Vision Transformers (ViT) against adversarial attacks by intentionally injecting adversarial examples into the training data. However, this way of adversarial injection inevitably…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Fudong Lin , Jiadong Lou , Xu Yuan , Nian-Feng Tzeng

Transformer models have excelled in natural language tasks, prompting the vision community to explore their implementation in computer vision problems. However, these models are still influenced by adversarial examples. In this paper, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Jialin Wu , Kaikai Pan , Yanjiao Chen , Jiangyi Deng , Shengyuan Pang , Wenyuan Xu

As object detection becomes integral to many safety-critical applications, understanding its vulnerabilities is essential. Backdoor attacks, in particular, pose a serious threat by implanting hidden triggers in victim models, which…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Jialin Lu , Junjie Shan , Ziqi Zhao , Ka-Ho Chow

As object detection becomes integral to many safety-critical applications, understanding its vulnerabilities is essential. Backdoor attacks, in particular, pose a serious threat by implanting hidden triggers in victim models, which…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Jialin Lu , Junjie Shan , Ziqi Zhao , Ka-Ho Chow

Pre-trained vision models (PVMs) have become a dominant component due to their exceptional performance when fine-tuned for downstream tasks. However, the presence of backdoors within PVMs poses significant threats. Unfortunately, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Aishan Liu , Xinwei Zhang , Yisong Xiao , Yuguang Zhou , Siyuan Liang , Jiakai Wang , Xianglong Liu , Xiaochun Cao , Dacheng Tao

Backdoor attack poses a significant security threat to Deep Learning applications. Existing attacks are often not evasive to established backdoor detection techniques. This susceptibility primarily stems from the fact that these attacks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Siyuan Cheng , Guanhong Tao , Yingqi Liu , Guangyu Shen , Shengwei An , Shiwei Feng , Xiangzhe Xu , Kaiyuan Zhang , Shiqing Ma , Xiangyu Zhang

Backdoor attacks can implant malicious behaviours into deep models while preserving performance on clean data, posing a serious threat to safety-critical vision systems. Although backdoor mitigation has been studied extensively for image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Kealan Dunnett , Reza Arablouei , Dimity Miller , Volkan Dedeoglu , Raja Jurdak

Deep learning models are widely deployed in various applications but remain vulnerable to stealthy adversarial threats, particularly backdoor attacks. Backdoor models trained on poisoned datasets behave normally with clean inputs but cause…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Chengrui Sun , Hua Zhang , Haoran Gao , Shang Wang , Zian Tian , Jianjin Zhao , Qi Li , Hongliang Zhu , Zongliang Shen , Anmin Fu

Physical adversarial attacks often overfit single surrogate models and optimization objectives. While ensemble attacks can mitigate this, existing methods struggle with severe gradient conflicts within restricted physical texture spaces,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Ziyang Liu , Hongyuan Wang , Zijian Wang , Yinxi Lu , Yunzhao Zang , Zhiqiang Yan , Qianhao Ning

As generative models achieve great success, tampering and modifying the sensitive image contents (i.e., human faces, artist signatures, commercial logos, etc.) have induced a significant threat with social impact. The backdoor attack is a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Haichuan Zhang , Meiyu Lin , Zhaoyi Liu , Renyuan Li , Zhiyuan Cheng , Carl Yang , Mingjie Tang

At present, backdoor attacks attract attention as they do great harm to deep learning models. The adversary poisons the training data making the model being injected with a backdoor after being trained unconsciously by victims using the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Shengfang Zhai , Qingni Shen , Xiaoyi Chen , Weilong Wang , Cong Li , Yuejian Fang , Zhonghai Wu