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Offline reinforcement learning learns policies from fixed datasets without further environment interaction. A key challenge in this setting is epistemic uncertainty, arising from limited or biased data coverage, particularly when the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Abhilash Reddy Chenreddy , Erick Delage

Reinforcement learning (RL) is increasingly used to align large language models (LLMs). Off-policy methods offer greater implementation simplicity and data efficiency than on-policy techniques, but often result in suboptimal performance. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Charles Arnal , Gaëtan Narozniak , Vivien Cabannes , Yunhao Tang , Julia Kempe , Remi Munos

Training offline RL models using visual inputs poses two significant challenges, i.e., the overfitting problem in representation learning and the overestimation bias for expected future rewards. Recent work has attempted to alleviate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Qi Wang , Junming Yang , Yunbo Wang , Xin Jin , Wenjun Zeng , Xiaokang Yang

We propose a data augmentation method for offline reinforcement learning, motivated by active positioning problems. Particularly, our approach enables the training of off-policy models from a limited number of suboptimal trajectories. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Tobias Schmähling , Matthias Burkhardt , Tobias Windisch

Offline Reinforcement Learning (RL) suffers from the extrapolation error and value overestimation. From a generalization perspective, this issue can be attributed to the over-generalization of value functions or policies towards…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Yixiu Mao , Qi Wang , Yun Qu , Yuhang Jiang , Xiangyang Ji

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) learns effective policies from pre-collected datasets, offering a practical solution for applications where online interactions are risky or costly. Model-based approaches are particularly advantageous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Xuyang Chen , Keyu Yan , Guojian Wang , Lin Zhao

Reinforcement Learning is a powerful tool to model decision-making processes. However, it relies on an exploration-exploitation trade-off that remains an open challenge for many tasks. In this work, we study neighboring state-based,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Yu-Teng Li , Justin Lin , Jeffery Cheng , Pedro Pachuca

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has shown great potential in refining robotic manipulation policies, yet its efficacy remains strongly bottlenecked by the difficulty of designing generalizable reward functions. In this paper, we propose a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yanru Wu , Weiduo Yuan , Ang Qi , Vitor Guizilini , Jiageng Mao , Yue Wang

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) offers a promising framework for training agents using pre-collected datasets without the need for further environment interaction. However, policies trained on offline data often struggle to generalise…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Ahmet H. Güzel , Ilija Bogunovic , Jack Parker-Holder

Most prior approaches to offline reinforcement learning (RL) have taken an iterative actor-critic approach involving off-policy evaluation. In this paper we show that simply doing one step of constrained/regularized policy improvement using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-06 David Brandfonbrener , William F. Whitney , Rajesh Ranganath , Joan Bruna

We propose an exploration method that incorporates look-ahead search over basic learnt skills and their dynamics, and use it for reinforcement learning (RL) of manipulation policies . Our skills are multi-goal policies learned in isolation…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-11-21 Arpit Agarwal , Katharina Muelling , Katerina Fragkiadaki

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) has increasingly become the focus of the artificial intelligent research due to its wide real-world applications where the collection of data may be difficult, time-consuming, or costly. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-13 Chenyang Xi , Bo Tang , Jiajun Shen , Xinfu Liu , Feiyu Xiong , Xueying Li

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) faces a significant challenge of distribution shift. Model-free offline RL penalizes the Q value for out-of-distribution (OOD) data or constrains the policy closed to the behavior policy to tackle this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Xiao-Yin Liu , Xiao-Hu Zhou , Guotao Li , Hao Li , Mei-Jiang Gui , Tian-Yu Xiang , De-Xing Huang , Zeng-Guang Hou

We consider the reinforcement learning (RL) problem with general utilities which consists in maximizing a function of the state-action occupancy measure. Beyond the standard cumulative reward RL setting, this problem includes as particular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Anas Barakat , Ilyas Fatkhullin , Niao He

Reinforcement learning in partially observable domains is challenging due to the lack of observable state information. Thankfully, learning offline in a simulator with such state information is often possible. In particular, we propose a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Hai Nguyen , Andrea Baisero , Dian Wang , Christopher Amato , Robert Platt

Generative models such as diffusion have been employed as world models in offline reinforcement learning to generate synthetic data for more effective learning. Existing work either generates diffusion models one-time prior to training or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Zeyu Fang , Tian Lan

We present state advantage weighting for offline reinforcement learning (RL). In contrast to action advantage $A(s,a)$ that we commonly adopt in QSA learning, we leverage state advantage $A(s,s^\prime)$ and QSS learning for offline RL,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Jiafei Lyu , Aicheng Gong , Le Wan , Zongqing Lu , Xiu Li

Offline Reinforcement Learning (RL) provides a promising avenue for training policies from pre-collected datasets when gathering additional interaction data is infeasible. However, existing offline RL methods often assume stationarity or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Suzan Ece Ada , Georg Martius , Emre Ugur , Erhan Oztop

Offline goal-conditioned RL (GCRL) offers a way to train general-purpose agents from fully offline datasets. In addition to being conservative within the dataset, the generalization ability to achieve unseen goals is another fundamental…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Rui Yang , Yong Lin , Xiaoteng Ma , Hao Hu , Chongjie Zhang , Tong Zhang

We consider the hybrid reinforcement learning setting where the agent has access to both offline data and online interactive access. While Reinforcement Learning (RL) research typically assumes offline data contains complete action, reward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Yuda Song , J. Andrew Bagnell , Aarti Singh