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Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is critical in safety-sensitive applications. While this challenge has been addressed from various perspectives, the influence of training objectives on OOD behavior remains comparatively underexplored.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Furkan Genç , Onat Özdemir , Emre Akbaş

Accurate polyp segmentation remains challenging due to irregular lesion morphologies, ambiguous boundaries, and heterogeneous imaging conditions. While U-Net variants excel at local feature fusion, they often lack explicit mechanisms to…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-27 Pu Wang , Huaizhi Ma , Zhihua Zhang , Zhuoran Zheng

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection has seen significant advancements with zero-shot approaches by leveraging the powerful Vision-Language Models (VLMs) such as CLIP. However, prior research works have predominantly focused on enhancing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Pei-Kang Lee , Jun-Cheng Chen , Ja-Ling Wu

Existing out-of-distribution (OOD) methods have shown great success on balanced datasets but become ineffective in long-tailed recognition (LTR) scenarios where 1) OOD samples are often wrongly classified into head classes and/or 2)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Wenjun Miao , Guansong Pang , Tianqi Li , Xiao Bai , Jin Zheng

Differentiation of colorectal polyps is an important clinical examination. A computer-aided diagnosis system is required to assist accurate diagnosis from colonoscopy images. Most previous studies at-tempt to develop models for polyp…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-06 Qin Wang , Hui Che , Weizhen Ding , Li Xiang , Guanbin Li , Zhen Li , Shuguang Cui

Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection is crucial when deploying machine learning models in open-world applications. The core challenge in OOD detection is mitigating the model's overconfidence on OOD data. While recent methods using auxiliary…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Jiankang Chen , Ling Deng , Zhiyong Gan , Wei-Shi Zheng , Ruixuan Wang

Accurate polyp segmentation is crucial for the early detection and prevention of colorectal cancer. However, the existing polyp detection methods sometimes ignore multi-directional features and drastic changes in scale. To address these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Chenhao Xu , Yudian Zhang , Kaiye Xu , Haijiang Zhu

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for the reliable deployment of machine learning models in real-world scenarios, enabling the identification of unknown samples or objects. A prominent approach to enhance OOD detection…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-05 Heng Gao , Jun Li

Colorectal cancer is one of fatal cancer worldwide. Colonoscopy is the standard treatment for examination, localization, and removal of colorectal polyps. However, it has been shown that the miss-rate of colorectal polyps during colonoscopy…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-12 Nikhil Kumar Tomar

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a critical task to ensure the reliability and security of machine learning models deployed in real-world applications. Conventional methods for OOD detection that rely on single-modal information,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-21 K Huang , G Song , Hanwen Su , Jiyan Wang

Current polyp detection methods from colonoscopy videos use exclusively normal (i.e., healthy) training images, which i) ignore the importance of temporal information in consecutive video frames, and ii) lack knowledge about the polyps.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-19 Yu Tian , Guansong Pang , Fengbei Liu , Yuyuan Liu , Chong Wang , Yuanhong Chen , Johan W Verjans , Gustavo Carneiro

Colorectal cancer ranks among the most common and deadly cancers, emphasizing the need for effective early detection and treatment. To address the limitations of traditional colonoscopy, including high miss rates due to polyp variability,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Arshia Yousefi Nezhad , Helia Aghaei , Hedieh Sajedi

Computer-aided detection, localisation, and segmentation methods can help improve colonoscopy procedures. Even though many methods have been built to tackle automatic detection and segmentation of polyps, benchmarking of state-of-the-art…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-02 Debesh Jha , Sharib Ali , Nikhil Kumar Tomar , Håvard D. Johansen , Dag D. Johansen , Jens Rittscher , Michael A. Riegler , Pål Halvorsen

Clinically deployed segmentation models are known to fail on data outside of their training distribution. As these models perform well on most cases, it is imperative to detect out-of-distribution (OOD) images at inference to protect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-23 McKell Woodland , Nihil Patel , Mais Al Taie , Joshua P. Yung , Tucker J. Netherton , Ankit B. Patel , Kristy K. Brock

Most classification and segmentation datasets assume a closed-world scenario in which predictions are expressed as distribution over a predetermined set of visual classes. However, such assumption implies unavoidable and often unnoticeable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-10-02 Petra Bevandić , Ivan Krešo , Marin Oršić , Siniša Šegvić

Since human and environmental factors interfere, captured polyp images usually suffer from issues such as dim lighting, blur, and overexposure, which pose challenges for downstream polyp segmentation tasks. To address the challenges of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-16 Pu Wang , Zhihua Zhang , Dianjie Lu , Guijuan Zhang , Youshan Zhang , Zhuoran Zheng

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential for determining when a supervised model encounters inputs that differ meaningfully from its training distribution. While widely studied in classification, OOD detection for regression and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-16 Min Lu , Hemant Ishwaran

Pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs) have advanced out-of-distribution (OOD) detection recently. However, existing CLIP-based methods often focus on learning OOD-related knowledge to improve OOD detection, showing limited…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Xinhua Lu , Runhe Lai , Yanqi Wu , Kanghao Chen , Wei-Shi Zheng , Ruixuan Wang

Motivation: Deep learning models deployed for use on medical tasks can be equipped with Out-of-Distribution Detection (OoDD) methods in order to avoid erroneous predictions. However it is unclear which OoDD method should be used in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-06 Tianshi Cao , Chin-Wei Huang , David Yu-Tung Hui , Joseph Paul Cohen

Background: Colonoscopy remains the gold-standard screening for colorectal cancer. However, significant miss rates for polyps have been reported, particularly when there are multiple small adenomas. This presents an opportunity to leverage…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-23 Michael Yeung , Evis Sala , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb , Leonardo Rundo