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In recent years, denoising diffusion models have become a crucial area of research due to their abundance in the rapidly expanding field of generative AI. While recent statistical advances have delivered explanations for the generation…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-04 Asbjørn Holk , Claudia Strauch , Lukas Trottner

We provide new convergence guarantees in Wasserstein distance for diffusion-based generative models, covering both stochastic (DDPM-like) and deterministic (DDIM-like) sampling methods. We introduce a simple framework to analyze…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Eliot Beyler , Francis Bach

SDE-based methods such as denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPMs) have shown remarkable success in real-world sample generation tasks. Prior analyses of DDPMs have been focused on the exponential Euler discretization, showing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Matthew S. Zhang , Stephen Huan , Jerry Huang , Nicholas M. Boffi , Sitan Chen , Sinho Chewi

We establish new exponential in dimension lower bounds for the Maximum Halfspace Discrepancy problem, which models linear classification. Both are fundamental problems in computational geometry and machine learning in their exact and…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Alexander Munteanu , Simon Omlor , Jeff M. Phillips

Generative models that maximize model likelihood have gained traction in many practical settings. Among them, perturbation based approaches underpin many strong likelihood estimation models, yet they often face slow convergence and limited…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Yirong Shen , Lu Gan , Cong Ling

Diffusion models are a popular class of generative models trained to reverse a noising process starting from a target data distribution. Training a diffusion model consists of learning how to denoise noisy samples at different noise levels.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Ameya Daigavane , YuQing Xie , Bodhi P. Vani , Saeed Saremi , Joseph Kleinhenz , Tess Smidt

Diffusion models have become a leading method for generative modeling of both image and scientific data. As these models are costly to train and \emph{evaluate}, reducing the inference cost for diffusion models remains a major goal.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Haoxuan Chen , Yinuo Ren , Lexing Ying , Grant M. Rotskoff

Consistency models have recently emerged as a compelling alternative to traditional SDE-based diffusion models. They offer a significant acceleration in generation by producing high-quality samples in very few steps. Despite their empirical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Nishant Jain , Xunpeng Huang , Yian Ma , Tong Zhang

While the mathematical foundations of score-based generative models are increasingly well understood for unconstrained Euclidean spaces, many practical applications involve data restricted to bounded domains. This paper provides a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-26 Asbjørn Holk , Claudia Strauch , Lukas Trottner

As a class of generative artificial intelligence frameworks inspired by statistical physics, diffusion models have shown extraordinary performance in synthesizing complicated data distributions through a denoising process gradually guided…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Fangjun Hu , Guangkuo Liu , Yifan F. Zhang , Xun Gao

Diffusion generative models have emerged as powerful tools for producing synthetic data from an empirically observed distribution. A common approach involves simulating the time-reversal of an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) process initialized at…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-02 Valentin de Bortoli , Romuald Elie , Anna Kazeykina , Zhenjie Ren , Jiacheng Zhang

Denoising is intuitively related to projection. Indeed, under the manifold hypothesis, adding random noise is approximately equivalent to orthogonal perturbation. Hence, learning to denoise is approximately learning to project. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Frank Permenter , Chenyang Yuan

We study density thresholds that force a measurable set $E\subseteq\mathbb{R}^d$ to contain all sufficiently large similar copies of every $n$-point configuration. We prove a lower bound of the form $1-O((\log n)/n)$, which matches the…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2026-04-21 Vjekoslav Kovač , Adian Anibal Santos Sepčić

We develop a framework for non-asymptotic analysis of deterministic samplers used for diffusion generative modeling. Several recent works have analyzed stochastic samplers using tools like Girsanov's theorem and a chain rule variant of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Sitan Chen , Giannis Daras , Alexandros G. Dimakis

Recent results in quantization theory show that the mean-squared expected distortion can reach a rate of convergence of $\mathcal{O}(1/n)$, where $n$ is the sample size [see, e.g., IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory 60 (2014) 7279-7292 or Electron.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-04-02 Clément Levrard

We consider the classic Set Cover problem in the data stream model. For $n$ elements and $m$ sets ($m\geq n$) we give a $O(1/\delta)$-pass algorithm with a strongly sub-linear $\tilde{O}(mn^{\delta})$ space and logarithmic approximation…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-05-03 Sariel Har-Peled , Piotr Indyk , Sepideh Mahabadi , Ali Vakilian

We present a novel geometric perspective on the latent space of diffusion models. We first show that the standard pullback approach, utilizing the deterministic probability flow ODE decoder, is fundamentally flawed. It provably forces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Rafał Karczewski , Markus Heinonen , Alison Pouplin , Søren Hauberg , Vikas Garg

Out-of-Distribution detection between dataset pairs has been extensively explored with generative models. We show that likelihood-based Out-of-Distribution detection can be extended to diffusion models by leveraging the fact that they, like…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Joseph Goodier , Neill D. F. Campbell

Diffusion models have exhibited excellent performance in various domains. The probability flow ordinary differential equation (ODE) of diffusion models (i.e., diffusion ODEs) is a particular case of continuous normalizing flows (CNFs),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Kaiwen Zheng , Cheng Lu , Jianfei Chen , Jun Zhu

Score-based diffusion models have become a foundational paradigm for modern generative modeling, demonstrating exceptional capability in generating samples from complex high-dimensional distributions. Despite the dominant adoption of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Changxiao Cai , Gen Li