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Given a string $S$ of length $N$ on a fixed alphabet of $\sigma$ symbols, a grammar compressor produces a context-free grammar $G$ of size $n$ that generates $S$ and only $S$. In this paper we describe data structures to support the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-08-15 Djamal Belazzougui , Simon J. Puglisi , Yasuo Tabei

A Random Access query to a string $T\in [0..\sigma)^n$ asks for the character $T[i]$ at a given position $i\in [0..n)$. In $O(n\log\sigma)$ bits of space, this fundamental task admits constant-time queries. While this is optimal in the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Anouk Duyster , Tomasz Kociumaka

We show how to build several data structures of central importance to string processing, taking as input the Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT) and using small extra working space. Let $n$ be the text length and $\sigma$ be the alphabet size.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-08-14 Nicola Prezza , Giovanna Rosone

In this paper we describe compressed indexes that support pattern matching queries for strings with wildcards. For a constant size alphabet our data structure uses $O(n\log^{\varepsilon}n)$ bits for any $\varepsilon>0$ and reports all…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-01-06 Moshe Lewenstein , Yakov Nekrich , Jeffrey Scott Vitter

An indexed sequence of strings is a data structure for storing a string sequence that supports random access, searching, range counting and analytics operations, both for exact matches and prefix search. String sequences lie at the core of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-04-17 Roberto Grossi , Giuseppe Ottaviano

We revisit the problem of finding shortest unique substring (SUS) proposed recently by [6]. We propose an optimal $O(n)$ time and space algorithm that can find an SUS for every location of a string of size $n$. Our algorithm significantly…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-01-14 Atalay Mert İleri , M. Oğuzhan Külekci , Bojian Xu

Shannon's entropy is a definitive lower bound for statistical compression. Unfortunately, no such clear measure exists for the compressibility of repetitive strings. Thus, ad hoc measures are employed to estimate the repetitiveness of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Giulia Bernardini , Gabriele Fici , Paweł Gawrychowski , Solon P. Pissis

A central task in string processing is text indexing, where the goal is to preprocess a text (a string of length $n$) into an efficient index (a data structure) supporting queries about the text. Cole, Gottlieb, and Lewenstein (STOC 2004)…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Tomasz Kociumaka , Jakub Radoszewski

We consider two closely related problems of text indexing in a sub-linear working space. The first problem is the Sparse Suffix Tree (SST) construction of a set of suffixes $B$ using only $O(|B|)$ words of space. The second problem is the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Or Birenzwige , Shay Golan , Ely Porat

Let S be a finite, ordered alphabet, and let x = x_1 x_2 ... x_n be a string over S. A "secondary index" for x answers alphabet range queries of the form: Given a range [a_l,a_r] over S, return the set I_{[a_l;a_r]} = {i |x_i \in [a_l;…

Databases · Computer Science 2008-11-19 Rasmus Pagh , S. Srinivasa Rao

It is shown that every tree of size $n$ over a fixed set of $\sigma$ different ranked symbols can be decomposed (in linear time as well as in logspace) into $O\big(\frac{n}{\log_\sigma n}\big) = O\big(\frac{n \log \sigma}{\log n}\big)$ many…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-09-22 Moses Ganardi , Danny Hucke , Artur Jez , Markus Lohrey , Eric Noeth

Grammar compression is a general compression framework in which a string $T$ of length $N$ is represented as a context-free grammar of size $n$ whose language contains only $T$. In this paper, we focus on studying the limitations of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Rajat De , Dominik Kempa

We introduce a new family of compressed data structures to efficiently store and query large string dictionaries in main memory. Our main technique is a combination of hierarchical Front-coding with ideas from longest-common-prefix…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-11-20 Nieves R. Brisaboa , Ana Cerdeira-Pena , Guillermo de Bernardo , Gonzalo Navarro

Much research has been devoted to optimizing algorithms of the Lempel-Ziv (LZ) 77 family, both in terms of speed and memory requirements. Binary search trees and suffix trees (ST) are data structures that have been often used for this…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Artur Ferreira , Arlindo Oliveira , Mario Figueiredo

In this paper, we present the first study of the computational complexity of converting an automata-based text index structure, called the Compact Directed Acyclic Word Graph (CDAWG), of size $e$ for a text $T$ of length $n$ into other text…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Hiroki Arimura , Shunsuke Inenaga , Yasuaki Kobayashi , Yuto Nakashima , Mizuki Sue

Let $\mathcal{D}$ be a collection of $D$ documents, which are strings over an alphabet of size $\sigma$, of total length $n$. We describe a data structure that uses linear space and and reports $k$ most relevant documents that contain a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-08-02 Gonzalo Navarro , Yakov Nekrich

We describe a data structure that supports access, rank and select queries, as well as symbol insertions and deletions, on a string $S[1,n]$ over alphabet $[1..\sigma]$ in time $O(\lg n/\lg\lg n)$, which is optimal even on binary sequences…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-02-04 Gonzalo Navarro , Yakov Nekrich

Most of the attention in statistical compression is given to the space used by the compressed sequence, a problem completely solved with optimal prefix codes. However, in many applications, the storage space used to represent the prefix…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-06-30 Travis Gagie , Gonzalo Navarro , Yakov Nekrich , Alberto Ordóñez

Compressed indexing enables powerful queries over massive and repetitive textual datasets using space proportional to the compressed input. While theoretical advances have led to highly efficient index structures, their practical…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Ankith Reddy Adudodla , Dominik Kempa

Consider an input text string T[1,N] drawn from an unbounded alphabet. We study partial computation in suffix-based problems for Data Compression and Text Indexing such as (I) retrieve any segment of K<=N consecutive symbols from the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-10-18 Gianni Franceschini , Roberto Grossi , S. Muthukrishnan