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Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is central to the debate on integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) algorithms into clinical practice. High-performing AI/ML models, such as ensemble learners and deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Alessandro De Carlo , Enea Parimbelli , Nicola Melillo , Giovanna Nicora

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims to make machine learning models transparent and trustworthy, yet most current approaches communicate explanations visually or through text. This paper introduces an information theoretic…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Mona Rajhans , Vishal Khawarey

AI explainability improves the transparency of models, making them more trustworthy. Such goals are motivated by the emergence of deep learning models, which are obscure by nature; even in the domain of images, where deep learning has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Anna Arias-Duart , Ferran Parés , Dario Garcia-Gasulla , Victor Gimenez-Abalos

Explanation methods and their evaluation have become a significant issue in explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) due to the recent surge of opaque AI models in decision support systems (DSS). Since the most accurate AI models are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Helena Löfström , Karl Hammar , Ulf Johansson

Artificial intelligence models encounter significant challenges due to their black-box nature, particularly in safety-critical domains such as healthcare, finance, and autonomous vehicles. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) addresses…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Melkamu Mersha , Khang Lam , Joseph Wood , Ali AlShami , Jugal Kalita

Current Explainable AI (ExAI) methods, especially in the NLP field, are conducted on various datasets by employing different metrics to evaluate several aspects. The lack of a common evaluation framework is hindering the progress tracking…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Julia El Zini , Mohamad Mansour , Basel Mousi , Mariette Awad

The unprecedented performance of machine learning models in recent years, particularly Deep Learning and transformer models, has resulted in their application in various domains such as finance, healthcare, and education. However, the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Milad Rogha

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques are used to provide transparency to complex, opaque predictive models. However, these techniques are often designed for image and text data, and it is unclear how fit-for-purpose they are…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Mythreyi Velmurugan , Chun Ouyang , Yue Xu , Renuka Sindhgatta , Bemali Wickramanayake , Catarina Moreira

The recent spike in certified Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools for healthcare has renewed the debate around adoption of this technology. One thread of such debate concerns Explainable AI (XAI) and its promise to render AI devices more…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-27 Giovanni Cinà , Tabea E. Röber , Rob Goedhart , Ş. İlker Birbil

Although modern machine learning and deep learning methods allow for complex and in-depth data analytics, the predictive models generated by these methods are often highly complex, and lack transparency. Explainable AI (XAI) methods are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Mythreyi Velmurugan , Chun Ouyang , Catarina Moreira , Renuka Sindhgatta

The field of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) aims to explain how black-box machine learning models work. Much of the work centers around the holy grail of providing post-hoc feature attributions to any model architecture. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Brian Barr , Noah Fatsi , Leif Hancox-Li , Peter Richter , Daniel Proano , Caleb Mok

Explainable AI has attracted much research attention in recent years with feature attribution algorithms, which compute "feature importance" in predictions, becoming increasingly popular. However, there is little analysis of the validity of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-21 Orcun Yalcin , Xiuyi Fan , Siyuan Liu

The surge in black-box AI models has prompted the need to explain the internal mechanism and justify their reliability, especially in high-stakes applications, such as healthcare and autonomous driving. Due to the lack of a rigorous…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Yongjie Wang , Tong Zhang , Xu Guo , Zhiqi Shen

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) addresses the growing need for transparency and interpretability in AI systems, enabling trust and accountability in decision-making processes. This book offers a comprehensive guide to XAI,…

Research on explainable AI (XAI) has frequently focused on explaining model predictions. More recently, methods have been proposed to explain prediction uncertainty by attributing it to input features (uncertainty attributions). However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Emily Schiller , Teodor Chiaburu , Marco Zullich , Luca Longo

A high-velocity paradigm shift towards Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has emerged in recent years. Highly complex Machine Learning (ML) models have flourished in many tasks of intelligence, and the questions have started to shift…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Jacob Dineen , Don Kridel , Daniel Dolk , David Castillo

Explainable AI (XAI) is critical for ensuring transparency, accountability, and trust in machine learning systems as black-box models are increasingly deployed within high-stakes domains. Among XAI methods, Shapley values are widely used…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Jiaxin Xu , Hung Chau , Angela Burden

Recent years have seen a surge of interest in the field of explainable AI (XAI), with a plethora of algorithms proposed in the literature. However, a lack of consensus on how to evaluate XAI hinders the advancement of the field. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-22 Q. Vera Liao , Yunfeng Zhang , Ronny Luss , Finale Doshi-Velez , Amit Dhurandhar

Attribution-based explanations are garnering increasing attention recently and have emerged as the predominant approach towards \textit{eXplanable Artificial Intelligence}~(XAI). However, the absence of consistent configurations and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Jiarui Duan , Haoling Li , Haofei Zhang , Hao Jiang , Mengqi Xue , Li Sun , Mingli Song , Jie Song

Nowadays, deep neural networks are widely used in a variety of fields that have a direct impact on society. Although those models typically show outstanding performance, they have been used for a long time as black boxes. To address this,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Huawei Sun , Lorenzo Servadei , Hao Feng , Michael Stephan , Robert Wille , Avik Santra