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We propose a reinforcement learning (RL) approach to model optimal exercise strategies for option-type products. We pursue the RL avenue in order to learn the optimal action-value function of the underlying stopping problem. In addition to…

Pricing of Securities · Quantitative Finance 2024-06-27 John Ery , Loris Michel

Traditional portfolio management methods can incorporate specific investor preferences but rely on accurate forecasts of asset returns and covariances. Reinforcement learning (RL) methods do not rely on these explicit forecasts and are…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2022-03-23 Ruan Pretorius , Terence van Zyl

Typical reinforcement learning (RL) methods show limited applicability for real-world industrial control problems because industrial systems involve various constraints and simultaneously require continuous and discrete control. To overcome…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-20 Hyungjun Park , Daiki Min , Jong-hyun Ryu , Dong Gu Choi

The rapid changes in the finance industry due to the increasing amount of data have revolutionized the techniques on data processing and data analysis and brought new theoretical and computational challenges. In contrast to classical…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2023-03-01 Ben Hambly , Renyuan Xu , Huining Yang

We develop a portfolio allocation framework that leverages deep learning techniques to address challenges arising from high-dimensional, non-stationary, and low-signal-to-noise market information. Our approach includes a dynamic embedding…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-01-31 Jinghai He , Cheng Hua , Chunyang Zhou , Zeyu Zheng

In this paper, we investigate the optimal output tracking problem for linear discrete-time systems with unknown dynamics using reinforcement learning and robust output regulation theory. This output tracking problem only allows to utilize…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-01-22 Ci Chen , Lihua Xie , Yi Jiang , Kan Xie , Shengli Xie

Classical portfolio optimization often requires forecasting asset returns and their corresponding variances in spite of the low signal-to-noise ratio provided in the financial markets. Modern deep reinforcement learning (DRL) offers a…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2023-05-19 Alessio Brini , Daniele Tantari

Index tracking, also known as passive investing, has gained significant traction in financial markets due to its cost-effective and efficient approach to replicating the performance of a specific market index. This review paper provides a…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2026-01-08 Vrinda Dhingra , Amita Sharma , Anubha Goel

This article develops a deep reinforcement learning (Deep-RL) framework for dynamic pricing on managed lanes with multiple access locations and heterogeneity in travelers' value of time, origin, and destination. This framework relaxes…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-28 Venktesh Pandey , Evana Wang , Stephen D. Boyles

Reinforcement learning (RL) has shown significant promise for sequential portfolio optimization tasks, such as stock trading, where the objective is to maximize cumulative returns while minimizing risks using historical data. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Haochen Yuan , Minting Pan , Yunbo Wang , Siyu Gao , Philip S. Yu , Xiaokang Yang

Online reinforcement learning in non-episodic, finite-horizon MDPs remains underexplored and is challenged by the need to estimate returns to a fixed terminal time. Existing infinite-horizon methods, which often rely on discounted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Jiamin Xu , Kyra Gan

In finance, sequential decision problems are often faced, for which reinforcement learning (RL) emerges as a promising tool for optimisation without the need of analytical tractability. However, the objective of classical RL is the expected…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-02-13 Federico Cacciamani , Roberto Daluiso , Marco Pinciroli , Michele Trapletti , Edoardo Vittori

The sequential nature of decision-making in financial asset trading aligns naturally with the reinforcement learning (RL) framework, making RL a common approach in this domain. However, the low signal-to-noise ratio in financial markets…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Sven Goluža , Tomislav Kovačević , Stjepan Begušić , Zvonko Kostanjčar

Financial domain tasks, such as trading in market exchanges, are challenging and have long attracted researchers. The recent achievements and the consequent notoriety of Reinforcement Learning (RL) have also increased its adoption in…

We present a reinforcement learning (RL)-driven framework for optimizing block-preconditioner sizes in iterative solvers used in portfolio optimization and option pricing. The covariance matrix in portfolio optimization or the…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-07-04 Hadi Keramati , Samaneh Jazayeri

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is a well-suited approach to financial decision-making, where an agent makes decisions based on its trading strategy developed from market observations. Existing DRL intraday trading strategies mainly use…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2024-06-13 Sven Goluža , Tomislav Kovačević , Tessa Bauman , Zvonko Kostanjčar

The paper introduces an interactive machine learning mechanism to process the measurements of an uncertain, nonlinear dynamic process and hence advise an actuation strategy in real-time. For concept demonstration, a trajectory-following…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-16 Mohammed Abouheaf , Derek Boase , Wail Gueaieb , Davide Spinello , Salah Al-Sharhan

Recently, adversarial imitation learning has shown a scalable reward acquisition method for inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) problems. However, estimated reward signals often become uncertain and fail to train a reliable statistical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-06 Dong-Sig Han , Hyunseo Kim , Hyundo Lee , Je-Hwan Ryu , Byoung-Tak Zhang

This paper presents a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) framework for dynamic portfolio optimization under market uncertainty and risk. The proposed model integrates a Sharpe ratio-based reward function with direct risk control mechanisms,…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-11-17 Emmanuel Lwele , Sabuni Emmanuel , Sitali Gabriel Sitali

The gloabal objective of inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) is to estimate the unknown cost function of some MDP base on observed trajectories generated by (approximate) optimal policies. The classical approach consists in tuning this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-26 Firas Jarboui , Vianney Perchet