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Neuromorphic computing, which exploits Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) on neuromorphic chips, is a promising energy-efficient alternative to traditional AI. CNN-based SNNs are the current mainstream of neuromorphic computing. By contrast, no…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Man Yao , Jiakui Hu , Tianxiang Hu , Yifan Xu , Zhaokun Zhou , Yonghong Tian , Bo Xu , Guoqi Li

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) offer a promising energy-efficient alternative to artificial neural networks, due to their event-driven spiking computation. However, some foundation SNN backbones (including Spikformer and SEW ResNet) suffer…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Chenlin Zhou , Liutao Yu , Zhaokun Zhou , Han Zhang , Jiaqi Wang , Huihui Zhou , Zhengyu Ma , Yonghong Tian

Recently, Graph Transformers have emerged as a promising solution to alleviate the inherent limitations of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) and enhance graph representation performance. Unfortunately, Graph Transformers are computationally…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Yundong Sun , Dongjie Zhu , Yansong Wang , Zhaoshuo Tian , Ning Cao , Gregory O'Hared

The combination of Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) and Vision Transformers (ViTs) holds potential for achieving both energy efficiency and high performance, particularly suitable for edge vision applications. However, a significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Shuai Wang , Malu Zhang , Dehao Zhang , Ammar Belatreche , Yichen Xiao , Yu Liang , Yimeng Shan , Qian Sun , Enqi Zhang , Yang Yang

Spiking Transformers, which combine the scalability of Transformers with the sparse, energy-efficient property of Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), have achieved impressive results in neuromorphic and vision tasks and attracted increasing…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Chenlin Zhou , Sihang Guo , Jiaqi Wang , Dongyang Ma , Kaiwei Che , Baiyu Chen , Qingyan Meng , Zhengyu Ma , Yonghong Tian

Spiking neural networks (SNNs), inspired by the spiking behavior of biological neurons, offer a distinctive approach for capturing the complexities of temporal data. However, their potential for spatial modeling in multivariate time-series…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Bang Hu , Changze Lv , Mingjie Li , Yunpeng Liu , Xiaoqing Zheng , Fengzhe Zhang , Wei cao , Fan Zhang

Foundational models based on the transformer architecture are currently the state-of-the-art in general language modeling, as well as in scientific areas such as material science and climate. However, training and deploying these models is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Adarsha Balaji , Sandeep Madireddy , Prasanna Balaprakash

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) offer a promising path toward energy-efficient speech command recognition (SCR) by leveraging their event-driven processing paradigm. However, existing SNN-based SCR methods often struggle to capture rich…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Jiaqi Wang , Liutao Yu , Xiongri Shen , Sihang Guo , Chenlin Zhou , Leilei Zhao , Yi Zhong , Zhiguo Zhang , Zhengyu Ma

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), particularly Spiking Transformers, offer energy-efficient processing of event-based sensor data for healthcare applications. Yet current architectures are rigid: they are trained and deployed as static…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Alberto Ancilotto , Gianluca Amprimo , Stefano Di Carlo , Elisabetta Farella

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have gained significant attention due to their biological plausibility and energy efficiency, making them promising alternatives to Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). However, the performance gap between SNNs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Tianqing Zhang , Kairong Yu , Xian Zhong , Hongwei Wang , Qi Xu , Qiang Zhang

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have emerged as an attractive alternative to traditional deep learning frameworks, since they provide higher computational efficiency in event driven neuromorphic hardware. However, the state-of-the-art (SOTA)…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-09-05 Gourav Datta , Souvik Kundu , Peter A. Beerel

The spiking neural networks (SNNs) that efficiently encode temporal sequences have shown great potential in extracting audio-visual joint feature representations. However, coupling SNNs (binary spike sequences) with transformers…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Wenrui Li , Penghong Wang , Ruiqin Xiong , Xiaopeng Fan

Recently, large models, such as Vision Transformer and BERT, have garnered significant attention due to their exceptional performance. However, their extensive computational requirements lead to considerable power and hardware resource…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Zhengke Li , Wendong Mao , Siyu Zhang , Qiwei Dong , Zhongfeng Wang

Recent advancements in neuroscience research have propelled the development of Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), which not only have the potential to further advance neuroscience research but also serve as an energy-efficient alternative to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Yimeng Shan , Malu Zhang , Rui-jie Zhu , Xuerui Qiu , Jason K. Eshraghian , Haicheng Qu

The ambition of brain-inspired Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) is to become a low-power alternative to traditional Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). This work addresses two major challenges in realizing this vision: the performance gap…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Man Yao , Xuerui Qiu , Tianxiang Hu , Jiakui Hu , Yuhong Chou , Keyu Tian , Jianxing Liao , Luziwei Leng , Bo Xu , Guoqi Li

Current Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) underutilize the temporal dynamics inherent in spike-based processing, relying primarily on rate coding while overlooking precise timing information that provides rich computational cues. We propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Minsuk Jang , Changick Kim

In the training and inference of spiking neural networks (SNNs), direct training and lightweight computation methods have been orthogonally developed, aimed at reducing power consumption. However, only a limited number of approaches have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Donghwa Kang , Youngmoon Lee , Eun-Kyu Lee , Brent Kang , Jinkyu Lee , Hyeongboo Baek

The Transformer architecture has become the foundation of modern deep learning, yet its core self-attention mechanism suffers from quadratic computational complexity and lacks grounding in biological neural computation. We propose Selective…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Hasi Hays

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) offer a promising avenue to implement deep neural networks in a more energy-efficient way. However, the network architectures of existing SNNs for language tasks are still simplistic and relatively shallow,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Changze Lv , Tianlong Li , Jianhan Xu , Chenxi Gu , Zixuan Ling , Cenyuan Zhang , Xiaoqing Zheng , Xuanjing Huang

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer notable advantages in biological plausibility and energy efficiency, making them promising candidates for building low-power Transformers. However, existing Spiking Transformers largely adhere to a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zequan Xie , Weiming Zeng , Yunhua Chen , Sichang Ling , Tongyang Chen , Jinsheng Xiao