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One of the most influential results in neural network theory is the universal approximation theorem [1, 2, 3] which states that continuous functions can be approximated to within arbitrary accuracy by single-hidden-layer feedforward neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Clemens Hutter , Recep Gül , Helmut Bölcskei

Approximation capability of reservoir systems whose reservoir is a recurrent neural network (RNN) is discussed. We show what we call uniform strong universality of RNN reservoir systems for a certain class of dynamical systems. This means…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Hiroki Yasumoto , Toshiyuki Tanaka

In this paper, we introduce the notion of liquid time-constant (LTC) recurrent neural networks (RNN)s, a subclass of continuous-time RNNs, with varying neuronal time-constant realized by their nonlinear synaptic transmission model. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-02 Ramin M. Hasani , Mathias Lechner , Alexander Amini , Daniela Rus , Radu Grosu

Reservoir computers (RCs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs) can mimic any finite-state automaton in theory, and some workers demonstrated that this can hold in practice. We test the capability of generalized linear models, RCs, and Long…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-18 S. E. Marzen , J. P. Crutchfield

This work studies approximation based on single-hidden-layer feedforward and recurrent neural networks with randomly generated internal weights. These methods, in which only the last layer of weights and a few hyperparameters are optimized,…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-02-17 Lukas Gonon , Lyudmila Grigoryeva , Juan-Pablo Ortega

Reservoir Computing (RC) refers to a Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) framework, frequently used for sequence learning and time series prediction. The RC system consists of a random fixed-weight RNN (the input-hidden reservoir layer) and a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-06-27 M. Andrecut

Reservoir Computing (RC) models, a subclass of recurrent neural networks, are distinguished by their fixed, non-trainable input layer and dynamically coupled reservoir, with only the static readout layer being trained. This design…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Robert Simon Fong , Boyu Li , Peter Tiňo

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) have been a prominent concept within artificial intelligence. They are inspired by Biological Neural Networks (BNNs) and provide an intuitive and abstract representation of how BNNs work. Derived from the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-03-09 Stefano Nichele , Andreas Molund

Reservoir computers (RC) are a form of recurrent neural network (RNN) used for forecasting timeseries data. As with all RNNs, selecting the hyperparameters presents a challenge when training onnew inputs. We present a method based on…

Computational Physics · Physics 2022-01-05 Jason A. Platt , Adrian S. Wong , Randall Clark , Stephen G. Penny , Henry D. I. Abarbanel

Deep learning techniques have shown promise in many domain applications. This paper proposes a novel deep reservoir computing framework, termed deep recurrent stochastic configuration network (DeepRSCN) for modelling nonlinear dynamic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Gang Dang , Dianhui Wang

A physical neural network (PNN) has both the strong potential to solve machine learning tasks and intrinsic physical properties, such as high-speed computation and energy efficiency. Reservoir computing (RC) is an excellent framework for…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2024-12-18 Tomoyuki Kubota , Yusuke Imai , Sumito Tsunegi , Kohei Nakajima

Reservoir computing (RC), first applied to temporal signal processing, is a recurrent neural network in which neurons are randomly connected. Once initialized, the connection strengths remain unchanged. Such a simple structure turns RC into…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Heng Zhang , Danilo Vasconcellos Vargas

Reservoir computers (RCs) provide a computationally efficient alternative to deep learning while also offering a framework for incorporating brain-inspired computational principles. By using an internal neural network with random, fixed…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Keshav Srinivasan , Dietmar Plenz , Michelle Girvan

Machine learning has become a widely popular and successful paradigm, including in data-driven science and engineering. A major application problem is data-driven forecasting of future states from a complex dynamical. Artificial neural…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2021-03-19 Erik Bollt

Reservoir computing (RC), a particular form of recurrent neural network, is under explosive development due to its exceptional efficacy and high performance in reconstruction or/and prediction of complex physical systems. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Xing-Yue Duan , Xiong Ying , Si-Yang Leng , Jürgen Kurths , Wei Lin , Huan-Fei Ma

Recently, reinforcement learning models have achieved great success, completing complex tasks such as mastering Go and other games with higher scores than human players. Many of these models collect considerable data on the tasks and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-19 Hanten Chang , Katsuya Futagami

In [1] it is shown that recurrent neural networks (RNNs) can learn - in a metric entropy optimal manner - discrete time, linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. This is effected by comparing the number of bits needed to encode the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2022-11-29 Clemens Hutter , Thomas Allard , Helmut Bölcskei

Recurrent neural networks are a powerful means to cope with time series. We show how autoregressive linear, i.e., linearly activated recurrent neural networks (LRNNs) can approximate any time-dependent function f(t). The approximation can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Frieder Stolzenburg , Sandra Litz , Olivia Michael , Oliver Obst

Machine learning has become a fundamental approach for modeling, prediction, and control, enabling systems to learn from data and perform complex tasks. Reservoir computing is a machine learning tool that leverages high-dimensional…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-12 Sahand Tangerami , Nicholas A. Mecholsky , Francesco Sorrentino

Reservoir computing (RC) is a novel approach to time series prediction using recurrent neural networks. In RC, an input signal perturbs the intrinsic dynamics of a medium called a reservoir. A readout layer is then trained to reconstruct a…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2014-01-13 Alireza Goudarzi , Peter Banda , Matthew R. Lakin , Christof Teuscher , Darko Stefanovic
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