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We study the asymptotics conjecture of Malle for dihedral groups $D_\ell$ of order $2\ell$, where $\ell$ is an odd prime. We prove the expected lower bound for those groups. For the upper bounds we show that there is a connection to class…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Jürgen Klüners

Let us consider the following matrix $B_n$. The columns of $B_n$ are indexed with $[n]=\{1,2,\dots,n\}$ and the rows are indexed with $[n]^3$. The row corresponding to $(x_1,x_2,x_3)\in [n]^3$ is given by $\sum_{i=1}^3 e_{x_i}$, where…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-10-07 András Mészáros

For a finite abelian 2-group $G$, we study the frequency with which quadratic imaginary number fields $K$ have 2-part of their class group $K$ isomorphic to $G$. A philosophy enunciated by Gerth extends the Cohen-Lenstra heuristics for…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-02-05 Nathan Jones , Cam McLeman

We consider the probability theory, and in particular the moment problem and universality theorems, for random groups of the sort of that arise or are conjectured to arise in number theory, and in related situations in topology and…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-01-25 Melanie Matchett Wood

Given a random real quadratic field from $\{ \mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{p}\,) ~|~ p \text{ primes} \}$, the conjectural probability $\mathbb{P}(h=q)$ that it has class number $q$ is given for all positive odd integers $q$. Some related conjectures of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-04-20 Jinwen Xu

We study an irreducible Markov chain on the category of finite abelian $p$-groups, whose stationary measure is the Cohen-Lenstra distribution. This Markov chain arises when one studies the cokernel of a random matrix $M$, after conditioning…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-08-14 Nikita Lvov

We prove function field theorems supporting the Cohen-Lenstra heuristics for real quadratic fields, and natural strengthenings of these analogs from the affine class group to the Picard group of the associated curve. Our function field…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-05-08 Melanie Matchett Wood

For a finite group $\Gamma$, we study the distribution of the Galois group $G_{\emptyset}^{\#}(K)$ of the maximal unramified extension of $K$ that is split completely at $\infty$ and has degree prime to $|\Gamma|$ and $\textit{Char}(K)$, as…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-30 Yuan Liu , Ken Willyard

In this paper we give a conjecture for the average number of unramified $G$-extensions of a quadratic field for any finite group $G$. The Cohen-Lenstra heuristics are the specialization of our conjecture to the case that $G$ is abelian of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-03-20 Melanie Matchett Wood , Philip Matchett Wood

The main purpose of the paper is to formulate a probabilistic model for Arakelov class groups in families of number fields, offering a correction to the Cohen--Lenstra--Martinet heuristic on ideal class groups. To that end, we show that…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-03-28 Alex Bartel , Henri Johnston , Hendrik W. Lenstra

We prove that given any $\epsilon>0$, random integral $n\times n$ matrices with independent entries that lie in any residue class modulo a prime with probability at most $1-\epsilon$ have cokernels asymptotically (as $n\rightarrow\infty$)…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-04-20 Melanie Matchett Wood

In this note, we study the distribution of the rational canonical form of a random matrix over the finite field $\mathbb{F}_p$, whose entries are independent and $\epsilon$-balanced with $\epsilon\in(0,1-1/p]$. We show that, as the matrix…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-02-05 Jiahe Shen

Boston, Bush, and Hajir have developed heuristics, extending the Cohen-Lenstra heuristics, that conjecture the distribution of the Galois groups of the maximal unramified pro-p extensions of imaginary quadratic number fields for p an odd…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-02-20 Nigel Boston , Melanie Matchett Wood

For $n \times n$ random integer matrices $M_1,\ldots,M_k$, the cokernels of the partial products $\mathrm{cok}(M_1 \cdots M_i), 1 \leq i \leq k$ naturally define a random flag of abelian $p$-groups. We prove that as $n \to \infty$, this…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-08-15 Yifeng Huang , Hoi H. Nguyen , Roger Van Peski

This paper proposes a linear categorical random coefficient model, in which the random coefficients follow parametric categorical distributions. The distributional parameters are identified based on a linear recurrence structure of moments…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-03-01 Zhan Gao , M. Hashem Pesaran

Cohen and Lenstra detailed a heuristic for the distribution of odd p-class groups for imaginary quadratic fields. One such formulation of this distribution is that the expected number of surjections from the class group of an imaginary…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-08-12 Brandon Alberts

We consider the Galois group $G_2(K)$ of the maximal unramified $2$-extension of $K$ where $K/\mathbb{Q}$ is cyclic of degree $3$. We also consider the group $G^+_2(K)$ where ramification is allowed at infinity. In the spirit of the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-01-01 Nigel Boston , Michael R. Bush

Relying on recent advances in statistical estimation of covariance distances based on random matrix theory, this article proposes an improved covariance and precision matrix estimation for a wide family of metrics. The method is shown to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-02-03 Malik Tiomoko , Florent Bouchard , Guillaume Ginholac , Romain Couillet

Sequential learning -- where complex tasks are broken down into simpler, hierarchical components -- has emerged as a paradigm in AI. This paper views sequential learning through the lens of low-rank linear regression, focusing specifically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Mahtab Alizadeh Vandchali , Fangshuo , Liao , Anastasios Kyrillidis

Ellenberg, Venkatesh, and Westerland have established a weak form of the function field analogue of the Cohen--Lenstra heuristic, on the distribution of imaginary number fields with $\ell$-parts of their class groups isomorphic to a fixed…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-06-19 Oscar Randal-Williams