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Due to the high energies and long distances involved, astrophysical observations provide a unique opportunity to test possible signatures of Lorentz Invariance Violation (LIV). Superluminal LIV enables the decay of photons at high energy…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-27 H. Martínez-Huerta , S. Marinelli , J. T. Linnemann , J. Lundeen

Some extensions to the Standard Model lead to the introduction of Lorentz symmetry breaking terms, expected to induce deviations from Lorentz symmetry around the Planck scale. A parameterization of effects due to Lorentz invariance…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-14 Matthias Lorentz , Pierre Brun

Most current models of Lorentz symmetry violation (LSV) at the Planck scale involve power-like extrapolations of the Lorentz-beaking term down to accelerator and even much lower energies. It is therefore assumed that no intermediate energy…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 Luis Gonzalez-Mestres

In the context of Standard Model Extensions (SMEs), we analyse four general classes of Super Symmetry (SuSy) and Lorentz Symmetry (LoSy) breaking, leading to {observable} imprints at our energy scales. The photon dispersion relations show a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-12-05 Luca Bonetti , Luís R. dos Santos Filho , José A. Helayël-Neto , Alessandro D. A. M. Spallicci

It is reported that the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) observed thousands of very-high-energy photons up to $\sim$18 TeV from GRB 221009A. We study the survival rate of these photons via considering the fact that they…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-02-01 Zhi-Chao Zhao , Yong Zhou , Sai Wang

The surface detector (SD) of the Telescope Array (TA) experiment allows one to indirectly detect photons with energies of order $10^{18}$ eV and higher and to separate photons from the cosmic-ray background. In this paper we present the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-03-10 Telescope Array Collaboration , R. U. Abbasi , M. Abe , T. Abu-Zayyad , M. Allen , R. Azuma , E. Barcikowski , J. W. Belz , D. R. Bergman , S. A. Blake , R. Cady , B. G. Cheon , J. Chiba , M. Chikawa , A. diMatteo , T. Fujii , K. Fujita , R. Fujiwara , M. Fukushima , G. Furlich , W. Hanlon , M. Hayashi , Y. Hayashi , N. Hayashida , K. Hibino , K. Honda , D. Ikeda , N. Inoue , T. Ishii , R. Ishimori , H. Ito , D. Ivanov , H. M. Jeong , S. Jeong , C. C. H. Jui , K. Kadota , F. Kakimoto , O. Kalashev , K. Kasahara , H. Kawai , S. Kawakami , S. Kawana , K. Kawata , E. Kido , H. B. Kim , J. H. Kim , J. H. Kim , S. Kishigami , V. Kuzmin , M. Kuznetsov , Y. J. Kwon , K. H. Lee , B. Lubsandorzhiev , J. P. Lundquist , K. Machida , K. Martens , T. Matsuyama , J. N. Matthews , R. Mayta , M. Minamino , K. Mukai , I. Myers , S. Nagataki , K. Nakai , R. Nakamura , T. Nakamura , T. Nonaka , H. Oda , S. Ogio , M. Ohnishi , H. Ohoka , T. Okuda , Y. Omura , M. Ono , R. Onogi , A. Oshima , S. Ozawa , I. H. Park , M. S. Pshirkov , J. Remington , D. C. Rodriguez , G. Rubtsov , D. Ryu , H. Sagawa , R. Sahara , K. Saito , Y. Saito , N. Sakaki , T. Sako , N. Sakurai , L. M. Scott , T. Seki , K. Sekino , P. D. Shah , F. Shibata , T. Shibata , H. Shimodaira , B. K. Shin , H. S. Shin , J. D. Smith , P. Sokolsky , B. T. Stokes , S. R. Stratton , T. A. Stroman , T. Suzawa , Y. Takagi , Y. Takahashi , M. Takamura , M. Takeda , R. Takeishi , A. Taketa , M. Takita , Y. Tameda , H. Tanaka , K. Tanaka , M. Tanaka , Y. Tanoue , S. B. Thomas , G. B. Thomson , P. Tinyakov , I. Tkachev , H. Tokuno , T. Tomida , S. Troitsky , Y. Tsunesada , K. Tsutsumi , Y. Uchihori , S. Udo , F. Urban , T. Wong , K. Yada , M. Yamamoto , H. Yamaoka , K. Yamazaki , J. Yang , K. Yashiro , H. Yoshii , Y. Zhezher , Z. Zundel

In the presence of Lorentz Symmetry Violation (LSV) associated with the Standard-Model Extension (SME), we have recently shown the non-conservation of the energy-momentum tensor of a light-wave crossing an Electro-Magnetic (EM) background…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-07-16 José A. Helayël-Neto , Alessandro D. A. M. Spallicci

We study the Bose symmetry violation through the decays of heavy vector bosons at high energies. In particular, the decay of a Z'-boson into two photons where one of the photons is the vector unparticle in the scale invariant sector is…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2012-10-30 G. A. Kozlov

If the observation by OPERA of apparently superluminal neutrinos is correct, the Lagrangian for second-generation leptons must break Lorentz invariance. We calculate the effects of an energy-independent change in the neutrino speed on…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-11-15 Brett Altschul

The Pierre Auger Observatory is the most sensitive instrument to detect photons with energies above $10^{17}$ eV. It measures extensive air showers generated by ultra high energy cosmic rays using a hybrid technique that exploits the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-06-12 The Pierre Auger Collaboration , A. Abdul Halim , P. Abreu , M. Aglietta , I. Allekotte , K. Almeida Cheminant , A. Almela , R. Aloisio , J. Alvarez-Muñiz , J. Ammerman Yebra , G. A. Anastasi , L. Anchordoqui , B. Andrada , L. Andrade Dourado , S. Andringa , L. Apollonio , C. Aramo , P. R. Araújo Ferreira , E. Arnone , J. C. Arteaga Velázquez , P. Assis , G. Avila , E. Avocone , A. Bakalova , F. Barbato , A. Bartz Mocellin , C. Berat , M. E. Bertaina , G. Bhatta , M. Bianciotto , P. L. Biermann , V. Binet , K. Bismark , T. Bister , J. Biteau , J. Blazek , C. Bleve , J. Blümer , M. Boháčová , D. Boncioli , C. Bonifazi , L. Bonneau Arbeletche , N. Borodai , J. Brack , P. G. Brichetto Orchera , F. L. Briechle , A. Bueno , S. Buitink , M. Buscemi , M. Büsken , A. Bwembya , K. S. Caballero-Mora , S. Cabana-Freire , L. Caccianiga , F. Campuzano , R. Caruso , A. Castellina , F. Catalani , G. Cataldi , L. Cazon , M. Cerda , B. Čermáková , A. Cermenati , J. A. Chinellato , J. Chudoba , L. Chytka , R. W. Clay , A. C. Cobos Cerutti , R. Colalillo , M. R. Coluccia , R. Conceição , A. Condorelli , G. Consolati , M. Conte , F. Convenga , D. Correia dos Santos , P. J. Costa , C. E. Covault , M. Cristinziani , C. S. Cruz Sanchez , S. Dasso , K. Daumiller , B. R. Dawson , R. M. de Almeida , B. de Errico , J. de Jesús , S. J. de Jong , J. R. T. de Mello Neto , I. De Mitri , J. de Oliveira , D. de Oliveira Franco , F. de Palma , V. de Souza , E. De Vito , A. Del Popolo , O. Deligny , N. Denner , L. Deval , A. di Matteo , J. A. do , M. Dobre , C. Dobrigkeit , J. C. D'Olivo , L. M. Domingues Mendes , Q. Dorosti , J. C. dos Anjos , R. C. dos Anjos , J. Ebr , F. Ellwanger , M. Emam , R. Engel , I. Epicoco , M. Erdmann , A. Etchegoyen , C. Evoli , H. Falcke , G. Farrar , A. C. Fauth , T. Fehler , F. Feldbusch , F. Fenu , A. Fernandes , B. Fick , J. M. Figueira , P. Filip , A. Filipčič , T. Fitoussi , B. Flaggs , T. Fodran , T. Fujii , A. Fuster , C. Galea , B. García , C. Gaudu , A. Gherghel-Lascu , P. L. Ghia , U. Giaccari , J. Glombitza , F. Gobbi , F. Gollan , G. Golup , M. Gómez Berisso , P. F. Gómez Vitale , J. P. Gongora , J. M. González , N. González , D. Góra , A. Gorgi , M. Gottowik , F. Guarino , G. P. Guedes , E. Guido , L. Gülzow , S. Hahn , P. Hamal , M. R. Hampel , P. Hansen , D. Harari , V. M. Harvey , A. Haungs , T. Hebbeker , C. Hojvat , J. R. Hörandel , P. Horvath , M. Hrabovský , T. Huege , A. Insolia , P. G. Isar , P. Janecek , V. Jilek , J. A. Johnsen , J. Jurysek , K. -H. Kampert , B. Keilhauer , A. Khakurdikar , V. V. Kizakke Covilakam , H. O. Klages , M. Kleifges , F. Knapp , J. Köhler , F. Krieger , N. Kunka , B. L. Lago , N. Langner , M. A. Leigui de Oliveira , Y. Lema-Capeans , A. Letessier-Selvon , I. Lhenry-Yvon , L. Lopes , L. Lu , Q. Luce , J. P. Lundquist , A. Machado Payeras , M. Majercakova , D. Mandat , B. C. Manning , P. Mantsch , F. M. Mariani , A. G. Mariazzi , I. C. Mariş , G. Marsella , D. Martello , S. Martinelli , O. Martínez Bravo , M. A. Martins , H. -J. Mathes , J. Matthews , G. Matthiae , E. Mayotte , S. Mayotte , P. O. Mazur , G. Medina-Tanco , J. Meinert , D. Melo , A. Menshikov , C. Merx , S. Michal , M. I. Micheletti , L. Miramonti , S. Mollerach , F. Montanet , L. Morejon , K. Mulrey , R. Mussa , W. M. Namasaka , S. Negi , L. Nellen , K. Nguyen , G. Nicora , M. Niechciol , D. Nitz , D. Nosek , V. Novotny , L. Nožka , A. Nucita , L. A. Núñez , C. Oliveira , M. Palatka , J. Pallotta , S. Panja , G. Parente , T. Paulsen , J. Pawlowsky , M. Pech , J. Pękala , R. Pelayo , V. Pelgrims , L. A. S. Pereira , E. E. Pereira Martins , C. Pérez Bertolli , L. Perrone , S. Petrera , C. Petrucci , T. Pierog , M. Pimenta , M. Platino , B. Pont , M. Pothast , M. Pourmohammad Shahvar , P. Privitera , M. Prouza , S. Querchfeld , J. Rautenberg , D. Ravignani , J. V. Reginatto Akim , M. Reininghaus , A. Reuzki , J. Ridky , F. Riehn , M. Risse , V. Rizi , W. Rodrigues de Carvalho , E. Rodriguez , J. Rodriguez Rojo , M. J. Roncoroni , S. Rossoni , M. Roth , E. Roulet , A. C. Rovero , A. Saftoiu , M. Saharan , F. Salamida , H. Salazar , G. Salina , J. D. Sanabria Gomez , F. Sánchez , E. M. Santos , E. Santos , F. Sarazin , R. Sarmento , R. Sato , P. Savina , C. M. Schäfer , V. Scherini , H. Schieler , M. Schimassek , M. Schimp , D. Schmidt , O. Scholten , H. Schoorlemmer , P. Schovánek , F. G. Schröder , J. Schulte , T. Schulz , S. J. Sciutto , M. Scornavacche , A. Sedoski , A. Segreto , S. Sehgal , S. U. Shivashankara , G. Sigl , K. Simkova , F. Simon , R. Smau , R. Šmída , P. Sommers , R. Squartini , M. Stadelmaier , S. Stanič , J. Stasielak , P. Stassi , S. Strähnz , M. Straub , T. Suomijärvi , A. D. Supanitsky , Z. Svozilikova , Z. Szadkowski , F. Tairli , A. Tapia , C. Taricco , C. Timmermans , O. Tkachenko , P. Tobiska , C. J. Todero Peixoto , B. Tomé , Z. Torrès , A. Travaini , P. Travnicek , M. Tueros , M. Unger , R. Uzeiroska , L. Vaclavek , M. Vacula , J. F. Valdés Galicia , L. Valore , E. Varela , V. Vašíčková , A. Vásquez-Ramírez , D. Veberič , I. D. Vergara Quispe , V. Verzi , J. Vicha , J. Vink , S. Vorobiov , C. Watanabe , A. A. Watson , A. Weindl , L. Wiencke , H. Wilczyński , D. Wittkowski , B. Wundheiler , B. Yue , A. Yushkov , O. Zapparrata , E. Zas , D. Zavrtanik , M. Zavrtanik

Very high-energy astrophysical gamma rays suffer a suppression of their flux along their propagation due to their interaction, through the $\gamma\gamma\to e^+e^-$ pair-production process, with the soft photon backgrounds present in the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-10-03 J. M. Carmona , J. L. Cortés , F. Rescic , M. A. Reyes , T. Terzić , F. I. Vrban

The performance is presented of the reconstruction and identification algorithms for electrons and photons with the CMS experiment at the LHC. The reported results are based on proton-proton collision data collected at a center-of-mass…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2021-05-19 CMS Collaboration

We perform the first direct consistency check between the recently measured proton spectrum at the knee by Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) and the collaboration's own high-precision mapping of Galactic diffuse gamma-ray…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-03 Luis Enrique Espinosa Castro , Francesco Lorenzo Villante , Vittoria Vecchiotti , Carmelo Evoli , Giulia Pagliaroli

The Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) predicted by some quantum gravity theories would manifest as an energy-dependent speed of light, which may potentially distort the observed temporal profile of photons from astrophysical sources at…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-10 Yu-Chen Hua , Xiao-Jun Bi , Yu-Ming Yang , Peng-Fei Yin

From gamma-ray burst (GRB) 221009A, very high-energy photons were detected: >10 TeV with LHAASO and >100 TeV with Carpet-3. Such energetic photons are expected to be absorbed via electron-positron pair production on their way to the Earth.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-02-23 P. S. Satunin , S. V. Troitsky

At any epoch, particle physics must be open to completely unexpected discoveries, and that is reason enough to extend the reach of searches for ultra-high energy (UHE) photons. The observation of a population of photons with energies $E…

The possible phenomenological consequences of R-parity violating interactions in the framework of low energy supersymmetry breaking are studied. It is pointed out that even very weak R-parity violation would completely overshadow one of the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 M. Carena , S. Pokorski , C. E. M. Wagner

The rapid variability observed in very-high-energy (VHE) sources-such as pulsars, gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), and flares from active galactic nuclei (AGN)-can be used to detect or constrain a potential violation of Lorentz invariance (LIV).…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-14 Cyann Plard , Sami Caroff , the CTAO-LST project

A photon induced shower at $E_{prim}\ge 10^{18}$ eV exhibits very specific features and is different from a hadronic one. At such energies, the LPM effect delays in average the first interactions of the photon in the atmosphere and hence…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Pierre Billoir , Cecile Roucelle , Jean-Christophe Hamilton

Several gamma-ray observatories have discovered photons of cosmic origin with energies in the PeV ($10^{15}\,\text{eV}$) range. Photons at these energies might be produced as by-products from particle acceleration in so-called PeVatrons,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-12-24 Marcus Niechciol , Chiara Papior , Markus Risse