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Deep learning has been widely used in many fields, but the model training process usually consumes massive computational resources and time. Therefore, designing an efficient neural network training method with a provable convergence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-14 Lianke Qin , Zhao Song , Yuanyuan Yang

We demonstrate that a very deep ResNet with stacked modules with one neuron per hidden layer and ReLU activation functions can uniformly approximate any Lebesgue integrable function in $d$ dimensions, i.e. $\ell_1(\mathbb{R}^d)$. Because of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-05 Hongzhou Lin , Stefanie Jegelka

We contribute to a better understanding of the class of functions that can be represented by a neural network with ReLU activations and a given architecture. Using techniques from mixed-integer optimization, polyhedral theory, and tropical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Christoph Hertrich , Amitabh Basu , Marco Di Summa , Martin Skutella

This article concerns the expressive power of depth in deep feed-forward neural nets with ReLU activations. Specifically, we answer the following question: for a fixed $d_{in}\geq 1,$ what is the minimal width $w$ so that neural nets with…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-03-13 Boris Hanin , Mark Sellke

Recent progress in studying \emph{treelike committee machines} (TCM) neural networks (NN) in \cite{Stojnictcmspnncaprdt23,Stojnictcmspnncapliftedrdt23,Stojnictcmspnncapdiffactrdt23} showed that the Random Duality Theory (RDT) and its a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-09 Mihailo Stojnic

Traditional neural networks require enormous amounts of data to build their complex mappings during a slow training procedure that hinders their abilities for relearning and adapting to new data. Memory-augmented neural networks enhance…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Geethan Karunaratne , Manuel Schmuck , Manuel Le Gallo , Giovanni Cherubini , Luca Benini , Abu Sebastian , Abbas Rahimi

We derive the calculation of two critical numbers predicting the behavior of perceptron networks. First, we derive the calculation of what we call the lossless memory (LM) dimension. The LM dimension is a generalization of the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-09-11 Gerald Friedland , Mario Krell

We study the parameterized complexity of training two-layer neural networks with respect to the dimension of the input data and the number of hidden neurons, considering ReLU and linear threshold activation functions. Albeit the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Vincent Froese , Christoph Hertrich

Deep neural networks are highly expressive machine learning models with the ability to interpolate arbitrary datasets. Deep nets are typically optimized via first-order methods and the optimization process crucially depends on the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-11-12 Talha Cihad Gulcu

This paper aims to understand the training solution, which is obtained by the back-propagation algorithm, of two-layer neural networks whose hidden layer is composed of the units with smooth activation functions, including the usual sigmoid…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Changcun Huang

Recent results in nonparametric regression show that deep learning, i.e., neural network estimates with many hidden layers, are able to circumvent the so-called curse of dimensionality in case that suitable restrictions on the structure of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-09-30 Michael Kohler , Sophie Langer

Recently, the authors of \cite{SYZ22} developed a neural network with width $36d(2d + 1)$ and depth $11$, which utilizes a special activation function called the elementary universal activation function, to achieve the super approximation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Ayan Maiti , Michelle Michelle , Haizhao Yang

The total memory capacity (MC) of linear recurrent neural networks (RNNs) has been proven to be equal to the rank of the corresponding Kalman controllability matrix, and it is almost surely maximal for connectivity and input weight matrices…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Giovanni Ballarin , Lyudmila Grigoryeva , Juan-Pablo Ortega

Deep reinforcement learning agents progressively lose representational capacity during training: neurons become dormant, removing active capacity from the network, and effective rank collapses, leaving surviving neurons redundant. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jacob E. Kooi , Zhao Yang , Mark Hoogendoorn , Vincent François-Lavet

This article concerns the expressive power of depth in neural nets with ReLU activations and bounded width. We are particularly interested in the following questions: what is the minimal width $w_{\text{min}}(d)$ so that ReLU nets of width…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-22 Boris Hanin

We study the size of a neural network needed to approximate the maximum function over $d$ inputs, in the most basic setting of approximating with respect to the $L_2$ norm, for continuous distributions, for a network that uses ReLU…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Itay Safran , Daniel Reichman , Paul Valiant

We study layered neural networks of rectified linear units (ReLU) in a modelling framework for stochastic training processes. The comparison with sigmoidal activation functions is in the center of interest. We compute typical learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Elisa Oostwal , Michiel Straat , Michael Biehl

We study deep neural networks with polynomial activations, particularly their expressive power. For a fixed architecture and activation degree, a polynomial neural network defines an algebraic map from weights to polynomials. The image of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Joe Kileel , Matthew Trager , Joan Bruna

This paper develops simple feed-forward neural networks that achieve the universal approximation property for all continuous functions with a fixed finite number of neurons. These neural networks are simple because they are designed with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-10 Zuowei Shen , Haizhao Yang , Shijun Zhang

We present polynomial time and sample efficient algorithms for learning an unknown depth-2 feedforward neural network with general ReLU activations, under mild non-degeneracy assumptions. In particular, we consider learning an unknown…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Pranjal Awasthi , Alex Tang , Aravindan Vijayaraghavan