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Numerous attempts have been made to replicate the success of complex-valued algebra in engineering and science to other hypercomplex domains such as quaternions, tessarines, biquaternions, and octonions. Perhaps, none have matched the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-13 Sayed Pouria Talebi , Clive Cheong Took

Quaternions are an important tool to describe the orientation of a molecule. This paper considers the use of quaternions in matching two conformations of a molecule, in interpolating rotations, in performing statistics on orientational…

Computational Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Charles F. F. Karney

This paper introduces a novel idea for representation of individuals using quaternions in swarm intelligence and evolutionary algorithms. Quaternions are a number system, which extends complex numbers. They are successfully applied to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2013-06-11 Iztok Fister , Iztok Fister

The attitude space has been parameterized in various ways for practical purposes. Different representations gain preferences over others based on their intuitive understanding, ease of implementation, formulaic simplicity, and physical as…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-08-30 Hardik Parwana , Mangal Kothari

This article investigates Kak neural networks, which can be instantaneously trained, for complex and quaternion inputs. The performance of the basic algorithm has been analyzed and shown how it provides a plausible model of human perception…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Adityan Rishiyur

This article considers the problem of designing adaption and optimisation techniques for training quantum learning machines. To this end, the division algebra of quaternions is used to derive an effective model for representing computation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-09 Sayed Pouria Talebi , Clive Cheong Took , Danilo P. Mandic

Objects' rigid motions in 3D space are described by rotations and translations of a highly-correlated set of points, each with associated $x,y,z$ coordinates that real-valued networks consider as separate entities, losing information.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Guilherme Vieira , Eleonora Grassucci , Marcos Eduardo Valle , Danilo Comminiello

From their inception, quaternions and their division algebra have proven to be advantageous in modelling rotation/orientation in three-dimensional spaces and have seen use from the initial formulation of electromagnetic filed theory through…

Quaternions, discovered by Sir William Rowan Hamilton in the 19th century, are a significant extension of complex numbers and a profound tool for understanding three-dimensional rotations. This work explores the quaternion's history,…

We propose a novel quaternion product unit (QPU) to represent data on 3D rotation groups. The QPU leverages quaternion algebra and the law of 3D rotation group, representing 3D rotation data as quaternions and merging them via a weighted…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-03 Xuan Zhang , Shaofei Qin , Yi Xu , Hongteng Xu

Rotation representations are foundational in fields such as computer graphics, robotics, and machine learning, where precise and efficient modeling of 3D orientations is critical. This paper comprehensively investigates diverse…

Graphics · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Aizierjiang Aiersilan , Haochen Liu , James Hahn

This article is an exhaustive revision of concepts and formulas related to quaternions and rotations in 3D space, and their proper use in estimation engines such as the error-state Kalman filter. The paper includes an in-depth study of the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2017-11-08 Joan Solà

Over the past few years, the applications of dual-quaternions have not only developed in many different directions but has also evolved in exciting ways in several areas. As dual-quaternions offer an efficient and compact symbolic form with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-03-28 Benjamin Kenwright

In this work, we move beyond the traditional complex-valued representations, introducing more expressive hypercomplex representations to model entities and relations for knowledge graph embeddings. More specifically, quaternion embeddings,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-01 Shuai Zhang , Yi Tay , Lina Yao , Qi Liu

As an expansion of complex numbers, the quaternions show close relations to numerous physically fundamental concepts. In spite of that, the didactic potential provided by quaternion interrelationships in formulating physical laws are hardly…

Physics Education · Physics 2007-05-23 Martin Erik Horn

Quaternion symmetry is ubiquitous in the physical sciences. As such, much work has been afforded over the years to the development of efficient schemes to exploit this symmetry using real and complex linear algebra. Recent years have also…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2019-03-14 David Williams-Young , Xiaosong Li

The paper explains how a unit generalized quaternion is used to represent a rotation of a vector in 3-dimensional space. We review of some algebraic properties of generalized quaternions and operations between them and then show their…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2017-03-10 Mehdi Jafari , Yusuf Yayli

The numerical optimization of continuous functions is a fundamental task in many scientific and engineering domains, ranging from mechanical design to training of artificial intelligence models. Among the most effective and widely used…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Gerardo Altamirano-Gomez , Álvaro Gallardo , Carlos Ignacio Hernández Castellanos

Sound is a fundamental and rich source of information; playing a key role in many areas from humanities and social sciences through to engineering and mathematics. Sound is more than just data 'signals'. It encapsulates physical, sensorial…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Benjamin Kenwright

This paper proposes Quaternion Collaborative Filtering (QCF), a novel representation learning method for recommendation. Our proposed QCF relies on and exploits computation with Quaternion algebra, benefiting from the expressiveness and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-06-07 Shuai Zhang , Lina Yao , Lucas Vinh Tran , Aston Zhang , Yi Tay
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