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Recent advances in autonomous system simulation platforms have significantly enhanced the safe and scalable testing of driving policies. However, existing simulators do not yet fully meet the needs of future transportation…

One of the major impediments in deployment of Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS) is their safety and reliability. The primary reason for the complexity of testing ADS is that it operates in an open world characterized by its…

In this work, we present a simple end-to-end trainable machine learning system capable of realistically simulating driving experiences. This can be used for the verification of self-driving system performance without relying on expensive…

Current autonomous vehicle (AV) simulators are built to provide large-scale testing required to prove capabilities under varied conditions in controlled, repeatable fashion. However, they have certain failings including the need for user…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Arpan Kusari , Pei Li , Hanzhi Yang , Nikhil Punshi , Mich Rasulis , Scott Bogard , David J. LeBlanc

Collecting real-world vehicle accident videos for autonomous driving research is challenging due to their rarity and complexity. While existing driving video generation methods may produce visually realistic videos, they often fail to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Xiangwen Zhang , Qian Zhang , Longfei Han , Qiang Qu , Xiaoming Chen , Weidong Cai

Simulation systems have become an essential component in the development and validation of autonomous driving technologies. The prevailing state-of-the-art approach for simulation is to use game engines or high-fidelity computer graphics…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Wei Li , Chengwei Pan , Rong Zhang , Jiaping Ren , Yuexin Ma , Jin Fang , Feilong Yan , Qichuan Geng , Xinyu Huang , Huajun Gong , Weiwei Xu , Guoping Wang , Dinesh Manocha , Ruigang Yang

Robotic manipulation has seen rapid progress with vision-language-action (VLA) policies. However, visuo-tactile perception is critical for contact-rich manipulation, as tasks such as insertion are difficult to complete robustly using vision…

The transport industry has recently shown significant interest in unmanned surface vehicles (USVs), specifically for port and inland waterway transport. These systems can improve operational efficiency and safety, which is especially…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Bavo Lesy , Siemen Herremans , Robin Kerstens , Jan Steckel , Walter Daems , Siegfried Mercelis , Ali Anwar

The emergence of Multimodal Large Language Models ((M)LLMs) has ushered in new avenues in artificial intelligence, particularly for autonomous driving by offering enhanced understanding and reasoning capabilities. This paper introduces…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Daocheng Fu , Wenjie Lei , Licheng Wen , Pinlong Cai , Song Mao , Min Dou , Botian Shi , Yu Qiao

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have recently emerged as a promising paradigm in autonomous driving (AD). However, current performance evaluation protocols for VLM-based AD systems (ADVLMs) are predominantly confined to open-loop settings…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Tianyuan Zhang , Ting Jin , Lu Wang , Jiangfan Liu , Siyuan Liang , Mingchuan Zhang , Aishan Liu , Xianglong Liu

As semi-automated vehicles (SAVs) become more common, ensuring effective human-vehicle interaction during control handovers remains a critical safety challenge. Existing studies often rely on single-session simulator experiments or…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Yasaman Hakiminejad , Shiva Azimi , Luis Gomero , Elizabeth Pantesco , Irene P. Kan , Meltem Izzetoglu , Arash Tavakoli

Data-driven autonomous driving simulation has long been constrained by its heavy reliance on pre-recorded driving logs or spatial priors, such as HD maps. This fundamental dependency severely limits scalability, restricting open-ended…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Tianran Liu , Shengwen Zhao , Mozhgan Pourkeshavarz , Weican Li , Nicholas Rhinehart

Rigorous testing of autonomous robots, such as self-driving vehicles, is essential to ensure their safety in real-world deployments. This requires building high-fidelity simulators to test scenarios beyond those that can be safely or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Haithem Turki , Qi Wu , Xin Kang , Janick Martinez Esturo , Shengyu Huang , Ruilong Li , Zan Gojcic , Riccardo de Lutio

Current state of the art solutions in the control of an autonomous vehicle mainly use supervised end-to-end learning, or decoupled perception, planning and action pipelines. Another possible solution is deep reinforcement learning, but such…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-01-17 Bogdan Trasnea , Andrei Vasilcoi , Claudiu Pozna , Sorin Grigorescu

An open question in autonomous driving is how best to use simulation to validate the safety of autonomous vehicles. Existing techniques rely on simulated rollouts, which can be inefficient for finding rare failure events, while other…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Anthony Corso , Ritchie Lee , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) require extensive testing in simulation, but test case generation for driving scenarios is laborious. The desired scenarios are often out-of-distribution and have precise requirements on interactions with the AV…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Frieda Rong , Chris Zhang , Kelvin Wong , Raquel Urtasun

While self-supervised pretraining has reduced vision systems' reliance on synthetic data, simulation remains an indispensable tool for closed-loop optimization and rigorous out-of-distribution (OOD) evaluation. However, modern simulation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Wufei Ma , Chloe Wang , Siyi Chen , Jiawei Peng , Patrick Li , Alan Yuille

Closed-loop simulation is a core component of autonomous vehicle (AV) development, enabling scalable testing, training, and safety validation before real-world deployment. Neural scene reconstruction converts driving logs into interactive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Tianshi Cao , Jiawei Ren , Yuxuan Zhang , Jaewoo Seo , Jiahui Huang , Shikhar Solanki , Haotian Zhang , Mingfei Guo , Haithem Turki , Muxingzi Li , Yue Zhu , Sipeng Zhang , Zan Gojcic , Sanja Fidler , Kangxue Yin

The development process of high-fidelity SLAM systems depends on their validation upon reliable datasets. Towards this goal, we propose IBISCape, a simulated benchmark that includes data synchronization and acquisition APIs for telemetry…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-21 Abanob Soliman , Fabien Bonardi , Désiré Sidibé , Samia Bouchafa

Search-based testing is critical for evaluating the safety and reliability of autonomous driving systems (ADSs). However, existing approaches are often built on heterogeneous frameworks (e.g., distinct scenario spaces, simulators, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Mingfei Cheng , Lionel Briand , Yuan Zhou
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