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The Carina Nebula is an extremely bright southern HII region embedded in a giant molecular cloud and contains some of the most massive stars known in our Galaxy. We are undertaking a multi-wavelength study of the Carina Nebula in order to…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 K. J. Brooks , J. B. Whiteoak , J. W. V. Storey

We present maps and spectra of the HCN(1-0) and HCO$^+$(1-0) lines in the extreme outer Galaxy, at galactocentric radii between 14 and 22 kpc, with the 13.7 meter Delingha telescope. The 9 molecular clouds were selected from a CO/$^{13}$CO…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-08-09 Jonathan Braine , Yan Sun , Yoshito Shimajiri , Floris F. S. van der Tak , Min Fang , Philippe André , Hao Chen , Yu Gao

We have mapped cold atomic gas in 21cm line HI self-absorption (HISA) at arcminute resolution over more than 90% of the Milky Way's disk. To probe the formation of H2 clouds, we have compared our HISA distribution with CO J=1-0 line…

We present large area, fully-sampled maps of the Carina molecular cloud complex in the CO (J = 4 - 3) and neutral carbon [CI] 3P1 - 3P0 transitions. These data were obtained using the 1.7 meter diameter Antarctic Submillimeter Telescope and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-30 Xiaolei Zhang , Youngung Lee , Alberto Bolatto , Antony A. Stark

Star-formation in the outer Galaxy is thought to be different from the inner Galaxy, as it is subject to different environmental parameters such as metallicity, interstellar radiation field, or mass surface density that all change with…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-01-27 Carsten König , James S. Urquhart , Friedrich Wyrowski , Dario Colombo , Karl M. Menten

Stars form in the dense interiors of molecular clouds. The dynamics and physical properties of the atomic interstellar medium (ISM) set the conditions under which molecular clouds and eventually stars will form. It is, therefore, critical…

We present a steady-state analytical model for pressure-regulated formation of molecular clouds (MC) and stars (SF) in gaseous galactic disks and apply it to the Milky Way (MW). MC formation depends on midplane interstellar pressure…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-10-06 José Franco , Aldo Rodríguez-Puebla , Javier Ballesteros-Paredes , Manuel Zamora-Avilez

There is mounting evidence for an extra-planar gas layer around the Milky Way disk, similar to the anomalous HI gas detected in a few other galaxies. As much as 10% of the gas may be in this phase. We analyze HI clouds located in the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-14 L. Dedes , P. W. M Kalberla

We investigate how the properties of Galactic giant molecular clouds (GMCs) and their denser substructures (clumps) correlate with the local star formation rate. We trace clouds using the $^{12}$CO(3-2) transition, as observed by the CO…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-09-04 Erika Zetterlund , Jason Glenn , Erik Rosolowsky

We identify 814 discrete HI clouds in 40 dwarf irregular galaxies from the LITTLE THINGS survey using an automated cloud-finding algorithm. The cloud masses range from ~10^3 to 10^7 Msolar, have a surface density averaged over all of the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-06-05 Deidre A. Hunter , Bruce G. Elmegreen , Clara L. Berger

We investigate the correlation between CO and HI emission in 18 nearby galaxies from the CARMA Survey Toward IR-Bright Nearby Galaxies (STING) at sub-kpc and kpc scales. Our sample, spanning a wide range in stellar mass and metallicity,…

Neutral hydrogen clouds are found in the Milky Way and Andromeda halo both as large complexes and smaller isolated clouds. Here we present a search for Hi clouds in the halo of M33, the third spiral galaxy of the Local Group. We have used…

Molecular clouds, which harbor the birthplaces of stars, form out of the atomic phase of the interstellar medium (ISM). We aim to characterize the atomic and molecular phases of the ISM and set their physical properties into the context of…

The Columbia - U. de Chile CO Survey of the Southern Milky Way is used for separating the CO(1-0) emission of the fourth Galactic quadrant within the solar circle into its dominant components, giant molecular clouds (GMCs). After the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-18 P. Garcia , L. Bronfman , L. Nyman , T. M. Dame

We present a new scenario in which massive intragroup HI clouds are the high-density parts of large HI rings/arcs formed by dynamical interaction between galaxy groups and gas-rich, low surface brightness (LSB) galaxies with extended gas…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 K. Bekki , B. S. Koribalski , S. D. Ryder , W. J. Couch

Cold atomic hydrogen clouds are the precursors of molecular clouds. Due to self-absorption, the opacity of cold atomic hydrogen may be high, and this gas may constitute an important mass component of the interstellar medium (ISM). Atomic…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-01-08 Boyang Liu , Di Li , Lister Staveley-Smith , Lei Qian , Tony Wong , Paul Goldsmith

The role of large-scale stellar feedback in the formation of molecular clouds has been investigated observationally by examining the relationship between HI and 12CO(J=1-0) in supershells. Detailed parsec-resolution case studies of two…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-11 J. R. Dawson , N. M. McClure-Griffiths , Y. Fukui , J. Dickey , T. Wong , A. Hughes , A. Kawamura

The formation of molecular clouds out of HI gas is the first step toward star formation. Its metallicity dependence plays a key role to determine star formation through the cosmic history. Previous theoretical studies with detailed chemical…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-08-29 Masato I. N. Kobayashi , Kazunari Iwasaki , Kengo Tomida , Tsuyoshi Inoue , Kazuyuki Omukai , Kazuki Tokuda

We present ALMA observations of the continuum and line emission of $^{12}$CO, $^{13}$CO, C$^{18}$O, and [C I] for a portion of the G287.38-0.62 (Car 1-E) region in the Carina star-forming complex. The new data record how a molecular cloud…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-11-30 Patrick Hartigan , Maxwell Hummel , Andrea Isella , Turlough Downes

In this study, we analyze molecular gas formation in neutral atomic hydrogen (HI) clouds using the latest CO data obtained from the four-beam receiver system on a 45-m telescope (FOREST) unbiased Galactic plane imaging survey with the…

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