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Pretrained language models (PLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in various natural language processing tasks: Unidirectional PLMs (e.g., GPT) are well known for their superior text generation capabilities; bidirectional PLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Yu Meng , Jiaxin Huang , Yu Zhang , Jiawei Han

The remarkable performance of large language models (LLMs) in zero-shot language understanding has garnered significant attention. However, employing LLMs for large-scale inference or domain-specific fine-tuning requires immense…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Ruohong Zhang , Yau-Shian Wang , Yiming Yang

The advent of instruction-tuned Large Language Models designed for coding tasks (Code LLMs) has transformed software engineering practices. However, their robustness against various input challenges remains a critical concern. This study…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Md Imran Hossen , Xiali Hei

Meta-training, which fine-tunes the language model (LM) on various downstream tasks by maximizing the likelihood of the target label given the task instruction and input instance, has improved the zero-shot task generalization performance.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Seonghyeon Ye , Doyoung Kim , Joel Jang , Joongbo Shin , Minjoon Seo

Large Language Models (LLMs), trained on extensive web-scale corpora, have demonstrated remarkable abilities across diverse tasks, especially as they are scaled up. Nevertheless, even state-of-the-art models struggle in certain cases,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Irina Bigoulaeva , Harish Tayyar Madabushi , Iryna Gurevych

Instruction-tuned Language Models ILMs have become essential components of modern AI systems, demonstrating exceptional versatility across a wide range of natural language and reasoning tasks. Among their most impactful applications is code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Saima Afrin , Zaiyu Cheng , Tushar Sharma , Alexander Serebrenik , Massimiliano Di Penta , Antonio Mastropaolo

Many applications today use large language models for code generation; however, production systems have strict latency requirements that can be difficult to meet with large models. Small language models with a few billion parameters are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Renjini R. Nair , Damian K. Kowalczyk , Marco Gaudesi , Chhaya Methani

State-of-the-art intent classification (IC) and slot filling (SF) methods often rely on data-intensive deep learning models, limiting their practicality for industry applications. Large language models on the other hand, particularly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Paramita Mirza , Viju Sudhi , Soumya Ranjan Sahoo , Sinchana Ramakanth Bhat

Following the initial flourishing of large language models (LLMs), there has been a surge in proposed large vision-language models (LVLMs) that integrate LLMs with vision capabilities. However, it has been observed that LVLMs, after tuning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Daiki Shiono , Shumpei Miyawaki , Ryota Tanaka , Jun Suzuki

Function calling is a complex task with widespread applications in domains such as information retrieval, software engineering and automation. For example, a query to book the shortest flight from New York to London on January 15 requires…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Ishan Kavathekar , Raghav Donakanti , Ponnurangam Kumaraguru , Karthik Vaidhyanathan

Instruction finetuning is standard practice for improving LLM performance, yet it remains unclear whether it enhances reasoning or merely induces surface-level pattern matching. We investigate this by evaluating base and instruction-tuned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Prateek Munjal , Clement Christophe , Ronnie Rajan , Praveenkumar Kanithi

Large Language Models (LLMs) operating in 0-shot or few-shot settings achieve competitive results in Text Classification tasks. In-Context Learning (ICL) typically achieves better accuracy than the 0-shot setting, but it pays in terms of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Parth Patwa , Simone Filice , Zhiyu Chen , Giuseppe Castellucci , Oleg Rokhlenko , Shervin Malmasi

Recent work has shown that fine-tuning large pre-trained language models on a collection of tasks described via instructions, a.k.a. instruction-tuning, improves their zero and few-shot generalization to unseen tasks. However, there is a…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly explored for NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems, but most existing methods emphasize feasible-instance solution generation and do not explicitly address infeasibility detection. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Yakun Wang , Min Chen , Zeguan Wu , Junyu Liu , Sitao Zhang , Zhenwen Shao

Unit testing is an essential activity in software development for verifying the correctness of software components. However, manually writing unit tests is challenging and time-consuming. The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) offers…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Lin Yang , Chen Yang , Shutao Gao , Weijing Wang , Bo Wang , Qihao Zhu , Xiao Chu , Jianyi Zhou , Guangtai Liang , Qianxiang Wang , Junjie Chen

Software documentation is essential for program comprehension, developer onboarding, code review, and long-term maintenance. Yet producing quality documentation manually is time-consuming and frequently yields incomplete or inconsistent…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Afia Farjana , Zaiyu Cheng , Antonio Mastropaolo

Bug triaging, the task of assigning new issues to developers, is often slow and inconsistent in large projects. We present a lightweight framework that instruction-tuned large language model (LLM) with LoRA adapters and uses…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Kiana Kiashemshaki , Arsham Khosravani , Alireza Hosseinpour , Arshia Akhavan

Language models (LMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in NLP, yet adapting them efficiently and robustly to specific tasks remains challenging. As their scale and complexity grow, fine-tuning LMs on labelled data often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Zhengyan Shi

Decoder-only LLMs have shown impressive performance in MT due to their ability to learn from extensive datasets and generate high-quality translations. However, LLMs often struggle with the nuances and style required for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Inacio Vieira , Will Allred , Séamus Lankford , Sheila Castilho , Andy Way

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) on multi-task instruction-following data has been proven to be a powerful learning paradigm for improving their zero-shot capabilities on new tasks. Recent works about high-quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Wei Han , Hui Chen , Soujanya Poria