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We present a new, multi-mission catalogue of ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) candidates, based on recent data releases from each of the XMM-Newton, Swift and Chandra observatories (the 4XMM-DR10, 2SXPS and CSC2 catalogues, respectively).…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-10-27 D. J. Walton , A. D. A. Mackenzie , H. Gully , N. R. Patel , T. P. Roberts , H. P. Earnshaw , S. Mateos

Since their discovery, Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) have attracted attention due to their combination of extreme luminosities and extra-nuclear locations. However, they are a fairly rare phenomenon, and attempts to investigate the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-20 D. J. Walton , J. C. Gladstone , T. P. Roberts , A. C. Fabian

Motivated by the recent discoveries that six Ultraluminous X-ray Sources (ULXs) are powered by highly super-Eddington X-ray pulsars, we searched for additional pulsating ULX (PULX) candidates by identifying sources that exhibit long-term…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-01-08 X. Song , D. J. Walton , G. B. Lansbury , P. A. Evans , A. C. Fabian , H. Earnshaw , T. P. Roberts

We have created a new, clean catalogue of extragalactic non-nuclear X-ray sources by correlating the 3XMM-DR4 data release of the XMM-Newton Serendipitous Source Catalogue with the Third Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies and the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-01-09 H. P. Earnshaw , T. P. Roberts , M. J. Middleton , D. J. Walton , S. Mateos

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are some of the most enigmatic X-ray bright sources known to date. It is generally accepted that they cannot host black holes as large as those associated with active galaxies, but they appear to be…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-28 D. J. Walton , T. P. Roberts , S. Mateos , V. Heard

Context. ULXs ($L_\textrm{X}>10^{39}$ erg s$^{-1}$) are excellent probes of accretion physics, star formation and IMBHs searches. As the sample size of X-ray data from modern observatories increases, producing extensive catalogues of ULXs…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-03-30 M. C. i Bernadich , A. D. Schwope , K. Kovlakas , A. Zezas , I. Traulsen

The discovery of fast and variable coherent signals in a handful of ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) testifies to the presence of super-Eddington accreting neutron stars, and drastically changed the understanding of the ULX class. Our…

X-ray observations have revealed in other galaxies a class of extra-nuclear X-ray point sources with X-ray luminosities of $10^{39}$--$10^{41}$ erg/sec, exceeding the Eddington luminosity for stellar mass X-ray binaries. These…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Ji-Feng Liu , Joel N. Bregman

We present the results from an X-ray and optical study of a new sample of eight extreme luminosity ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) candidates, which were selected as the brightest ULXs (with L_X > 5x10^40 erg/s) located within 100 Mpc…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-04 Andrew D. Sutton , Timothy P. Roberts , Dominic J. Walton , Jeanette C. Gladstone , Amy E. Scott

We search for transient sources in a sample of ULXs from the 3XMM-DR4 release of the XMM-Newton Serendipitous Source Catalogue in order to find candidate neutron star ULXs alternating between an accreting state and the propeller regime, in…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-02-26 H. P. Earnshaw , T. P. Roberts , R. Sathyaprakash

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are a population of extragalactic objects whose luminosity exceeds the Eddington limit for a 10 Msun black hole (BH). Their properties have been widely interpreted in terms of accreting stellar-mass or…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-02-22 F. Pintore , L. Zampieri , L. Stella , A. Wolter , S. Mereghetti , G. L. Israel

We present a new method to identify luminous off-nuclear X-ray sources in the outskirts of galaxies from large public redshift surveys, distinguishing them from foreground and background interlopers. Using the 3XMM-DR5 catalog of X-ray…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-01-27 Ivan Zolotukhin , Natalie A. Webb , Olivier Godet , Matteo Bachetti , Didier Barret

We report on the discovery of a new, transient ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) in the galaxy NGC 7090. This new ULX, which we refer to as NGC 7090 ULX3, was discovered via monitoring with $Swift$ during 2019-20, and to date has exhibited a…

Ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are a class of extra-galactic, point-like, off-nuclear X-ray sources with X-ray luminosity from $\sim 10^{39}$~erg s$^{-1}$ to $10^{41}$~erg s$^{-1}$. We investigated the temporal and broadband X-ray…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-05-05 V. Jithesh , C. Anjana , Ranjeev Misra

Recent observations of galaxies continue to reveal new ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs), increasing their known population and improving the statistics needed to understand their nature. We study the ULX populations of NGC 4631 and NGC…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-11 Sinan Allak , Aysun Akyuz , Yasemin Aladag , Lorenzo Ducci , Andrea Santangelo

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are mostly extragalactic non-nuclear point sources having X-ray luminosity exceeding the Eddington luminosity of 10 $M_\odot$ black hole i.e., $L_X \geq $ 10$^{39}$ erg ~s$^{-1}$. They are observed in all…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-08 C. M. Sariga , P. Shalima , D. Bhattacharya , Vivek K. Agrawal

The nature of ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) is not yet fully understood but it can be done in the most efficient way by analyzing its optical emission and environment. We present preliminary results of photometric and spectral studies…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-02-03 A. Vinokurov , K. Atapin , Y. Solovyeva , A. Sarkisyan , D. Oparin

The extreme extragalactic sources known as Ultraluminous X-ray Sources (ULX) represent a unique testing environment for compact objects population studies and the accretion process. Their nature has long been disputed. Their luminosity,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-04-18 Matteo Bachetti

Variability is a powerful tool to investigate properties of X-ray binaries (XRB), in particular for Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) that are mainly detected in the X-ray band. For most ULXs the nature of the accretor is unknown, although…

We report on Chandra observations of the bright ultra-luminous X-ray (ULX) source in NGC3921. Previous XMM observations reported in the literature show the presence of a bright ULX at a 0.5-10 keV luminosity of 2x10^40 erg/s. Our Chandra…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-11 P. G. Jonker , M. Heida , M. A. P. Torres , J. C. A. Miller-Jones , A. C. Fabian , E. M. Ratti , G. Miniutti , D. J. Walton , T. P. Roberts
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