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Let $X$ be a mean zero Gaussian random vector in a separable Hilbert space ${\mathbb H}$ with covariance operator $\Sigma:={\mathbb E}(X\otimes X).$ Let $\Sigma=\sum_{r\geq 1}\mu_r P_r$ be the spectral decomposition of $\Sigma$ with…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-01-08 Vladimir Koltchinskii , Karim Lounici

We analyze extremes of traffic flow profiles composed of traffic counts over a day. The data is essentially curves and determining which trajectory should be classified as extreme is not straight forward. To assess the extremes of the…

Applications · Statistics 2020-09-07 Maria Osipenko

Functional data analysis is an important research field in statistics which treats data as random functions drawn from some infinite-dimensional functional space, and functional principal component analysis (FPCA) based on…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-04-03 Hang Zhou , Dongyi Wei , Fang Yao

We survey the connections between extreme-value theory and regular variation, in one and higher dimensions, from the algebraic point of view of our recent work on Popa groups.

Probability · Mathematics 2020-01-16 N. H. Bingham , A. J. Ostaszewski

Regular variation provides a convenient theoretical framework to study large events. In the multivariate setting, the dependence structure of the positive extremes is characterized by a measure - the spectral measure - defined on the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-02-24 Meyer Nicolas , Olivier Wintenberger

In functional data analysis (FDA), covariance function is fundamental not only as a critical quantity for understanding elementary aspects of functional data but also as an indispensable ingredient for many advanced FDA methods. This paper…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-01-24 Raymond K. W. Wong , Xiaoke Zhang

Extreme value statistics provides accurate estimates for the small occurrence probabilities of rare events. While theory and statistical tools for univariate extremes are well-developed, methods for high-dimensional and complex data sets…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-01-06 Sebastian Engelke , Jevgenijs Ivanovs

In this paper, we propose a novel robust Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for high-dimensional data in the presence of various heterogeneities, especially the heavy-tailedness and outliers. A transformation motivated by the characteristic…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-04-05 Lingyu He , Yanrong Yang , Bo Zhang

A set of curves or images of similar shape is an increasingly common functional data set collected in the sciences. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is the most widely used technique to decompose variation in functional data. However, the…

Methodology · Statistics 2009-09-29 Rima Izem , J. S. Marron

Persistent homology, while ostensibly measuring changes in topology, captures multiscale geometrical information. It is a natural tool for the analysis of point patterns. In this paper we explore the statistical power of the (persistent…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-10-12 Vanessa Robins , Katharine Turner

Within the framework of functional data analysis, we develop principal component analysis for periodically correlated time series of functions. We define the components of the above analysis including periodic, operator-valued filters,…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-12-02 Łukasz Kidziński , Piotr Kokoszka , Neda Mohammadi Jouzdani

The present article is devoted to the semi-parametric estimation of multivariate expectiles for extreme levels. The considered multivariate risk measures also include the possible conditioning with respect to a functional covariate,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-03-30 Elena Di Bernardino , Thomas Laloë , Cambyse Pakzad

Principal component analysis (PCA) is arguably the most popular tool in multivariate exploratory data analysis. In this paper, we consider the question of how to handle heterogeneous variables that include continuous, binary, and ordinal.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-08-24 Clifford Anderson-Bergman , Tamara G. Kolda , Kina Kincher-Winoto

Principal Component Analysis is a key technique for reducing the complexity of high-dimensional data while preserving its fundamental data structure, ensuring models remain stable and interpretable. This is achieved by transforming the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-25 Nuwan Weeraratne , Lyn Hunt , Jason Kurz

We consider the set of extremal points of the generalized unit ball induced by gradient total variation seminorms for vector-valued functions on bounded Euclidean domains. These are central to the understanding of sparse solutions and…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-03 Kristian Bredies , José A. Iglesias , Daniel Walter

Probabilistic principal component analysis (PPCA) seeks a low dimensional representation of a data set in the presence of independent spherical Gaussian noise. The maximum likelihood solution for the model is an eigenvalue problem on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-06-22 Alfredo Kalaitzis , Neil Lawrence

We develop asymptotic theory for principal component analysis (PCA) of a high-dimensional factor model in which the working dimension $R$ is fixed and only required to satisfy $R \ge r$, where $r$ is the true number of factors. Building on…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Yuan Liao , Xin Tong , Wanjie Wang , Dacheng Xiu

We focus on two dependency quantities of a max-stable random field $X$ on some space $T$: the extremal coefficient function $\theta$ which we define on finite sets of $T$ and the extremal correlation function $\chi(s,t)=\lim_{x \uparrow…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-05-08 Kirstin Strokorb , Martin Schlather

The univariate extreme value theory deals with the convergence in type of powers of elements of sequences of cumulative distribution functions on the real line when the power index gets infinite. In terms of convergence of random variables,…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-10-04 Gane Samb Lo , Modou Ngom , Tchilabola Abozou Kpanzou , Mouminou Diallo

This paper presents new results on Functional Analysis of Variance for fixed effect models with correlated Hilbert-valued Gaussian error components. The geometry of the Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space (RKHS) of the error term is considered…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-09-04 M. D. Ruiz-Medina