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Classical causal and statistical inference methods typically assume the observed data consists of independent realizations. However, in many applications this assumption is inappropriate due to a network of dependences between units in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Rohit Bhattacharya , Daniel Malinsky , Ilya Shpitser

Interference arises when the treatment assigned to one individual affects the outcomes of other individuals. Commonly, individuals are naturally grouped into clusters, and interference occurs only among individuals within the same cluster,…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-15 Chao Cheng , Fan Li

Classical designs of randomized experiments, going back to Fisher and Neyman in the 1930s still dominate practice even in online experimentation. However, such designs are of limited value for answering standard questions in settings,…

We consider repeated measurement designs when a residual or carry-over effect may be present in at most one later period. Since assuming an additive model may be unrealistic for some applications and leads to biased estimation of treatment…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-11-20 R. A. Bailey , P. Druilhet

In many observational studies in social science and medicine, subjects or units are connected, and one unit's treatment and attributes may affect another's treatment and outcome, violating the stable unit treatment value assumption (SUTVA)…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-25 Zhaonan Qu , Ruoxuan Xiong , Jizhou Liu , Guido Imbens

There is strong interest in estimating how the magnitude of treatment effects of an intervention vary across sub-groups of the population of interest. In our paper, we propose a two-study approach to first propose and then test…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-06-23 Rahul Ladhania , Amelia Haviland , Neeraj Sood , Edward Kennedy , Ateev Mehrotra

This work is aimed at studying realistic social control strategies for social networks based on the introduction of random information into the state of selected driver agents. Deliberately exposing selected agents to random information is…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-07-23 Marco Cremonini , Francesca Casamassima

Policy-relevant treatment effect estimation in a marketplace setting requires taking into account both the direct benefit of the treatment and any spillovers induced by changes to the market equilibrium. The standard way to address these…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-02-04 Evan Munro , Xu Kuang , Stefan Wager

Social network interference induces complex dependencies where a unit's outcome is influenced not only by its own exposure and mediator but also by those of connected neighbors. In such settings, a significant challenge lies in…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-03 Ritoban Kundu , Peter X. K. Song

The issue of missing network links in partially observed networks is frequently neglected in empirical studies. This paper addresses this issue when investigating the spillovers of program benefits in the presence of network interactions.…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-08-16 Lina Zhang

Randomized controlled trials are not only the golden standard in medicine and vaccine trials but have spread to many other disciplines like behavioral economics, making it an important interdisciplinary tool for scientists. When designing…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-11-30 Tassilo Schwarz

This paper studies the design of cluster experiments to estimate the global treatment effect in the presence of network spillovers. We provide a framework to choose the clustering that minimizes the worst-case mean-squared error of the…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-01-29 Davide Viviano , Lihua Lei , Guido Imbens , Brian Karrer , Okke Schrijvers , Liang Shi

When considering the effect a treatment will cause in a population of interest, we often look to evidence from randomized controlled trials. In settings where multiple trials on a treatment are available, we may wish to synthesize the…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-09-08 Nicole Schnitzler , Eloise Kaizar

Estimates of individual treatment effects from networked observational data are attracting increasing attention these days. One major challenge in network scenarios is the violation of the stable unit treatment value assumption (SUTVA),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Ziyu Zhao , Yuqi Bai , Kun Kuang , Ruoxuan Xiong , Fei Wu

Whenever possible, the efficacy of a new treatment, such as a drug or behavioral intervention, is investigated by randomly assigning some individuals to a treatment condition and others to a control condition, and comparing the outcomes…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-05-04 Patrick C. Staples , Elizabeth L. Ogburn , Jukka-Pekka Onnela

Policy evaluation in empirical microeconomics has been focusing on estimating the average treatment effect and more recently the heterogeneous treatment effects, often relying on the unconfoundedness assumption. We propose a method based on…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-06-06 Wei Tian

In network settings, interference between units makes causal inference more challenging as outcomes may depend on the treatments received by others in the network. Typical estimands in network settings focus on treatment effects aggregated…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-25 Heejong Bong , Colin B. Fogarty , Elizaveta Levina , Ji Zhu

We study the optimal joint intervention of a planner who can influence both the standalone marginal utilities of agents in a network and the weights of the links connecting them. The welfare-maximizing intervention displays two key…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-11-17 Ryan Kor , Yi Liu , Yves Zenou , Junjie Zhou

We study estimation of and inference for the average causal effect of treating every member of a population, as opposed to none, using an experiment that treats only some. Considering settings where spillovers can occur between any pair of…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-01-29 Stefan Faridani , Paul Niehaus

Causal inference on populations embedded in social networks poses technical challenges, since the typical no interference assumption frequently does not hold. Existing methods developed in the context of network interference rely upon the…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-04-12 Vanessa McNealis , Erica E. M. Moodie , Nema Dean