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Related papers: Bayesian Analysis for Remote Biosignature Identifi…

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Exoplanets with a long orbital period are difficult to discover by extant methods. Our first publication (Lerner, P., A. Mayer, T. E. Sullivan. 2023. A new method for the discovery of the distant exoplanets. SPIE Proceedings 12680:…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-07-16 Peter B. Lerner

Aims. We present a solution to improve the performance of coronagraphs for the detection of exo-planets. Methods. We simulate numerically several kinds of coronagraphic systems, with the aim of evaluating the gain obtained with an adaptive…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2009-07-03 D. Ricci , H. Le Coroller , A. Labeyrie

Habitable planets are often defined as terrestrial worlds capable of maintaining surface liquid water. As a result, atmospheric water vapor can be a critical indicator of habitability. Thus, habitability-themed exoplanet investigations…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-12-06 Anna Sage Ross , Tyler D. Robinson

The primary scientific objective of this Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) Science Case Development Document (SCDD) is to measure planetary rotation rates of transiting exoplanets to determine the structure, composition, circulation, and…

The strongest remotely detectable signature of life on our planet today is the photosynthetically produced oxygen (O2) in our atmosphere. However, recent studies of Earth's geochemical proxy record suggest that for all but the last ~500…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-01-10 Edward Schwieterman , Christopher Reinhard , Stephanie Olson , Timothy Lyons

Planets with large bodies of water on their surface will have more temperate and stable climates, and such planets are the ideal places for life-as-we-know-it to arise and evolve. A key science case for the Habitable Worlds Observatory…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-08 Nicolas B. Cowan , Jacob Lustig-Yaeger , Renyu Hu , Laura C. Mayorga , Tyler D. Robinson

We propose the application of coronagraphic techniques to the spectroscopic direct detection of exoplanets via the Doppler shift of planetary molecular lines. Even for an unresolved close-in planetary system, we show that the combination of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-06-05 Hajime Kawahara , Naoshi Murakami , Taro Matsuo , Takayuki Kotani

The characterization of rocky, Earth-like planets is an important goal for future large ground- and space-based telescopes. In support of developing an efficient observational strategy, we have applied Bayesian statistical inference to…

The Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO), planned for launch in the 2040s, represents the next major step in exoplanet characterisation. HWO will, for the first time, enable detailed studies of the atmospheres and surfaces of Earth-like…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-30 Katy L. Chubb , Mei Ting Mak , Joanna K. Barstow , Beth Biller , Sarah Rugheimer , Daphne M. Stam , Victor Trees

The search for life outside our solar system is at the forefront of modern astronomy, and telescopes such as the Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) are being designed to identify biosignatures. Molecular oxygen, O$_2$, is considered a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-12 Anna Grace Ulses , Joshua Krissansen-Totton , Tyler D. Robinson , Victoria Meadows , David C. Catling , Jonathan J. Fortney

The Mid-Infrared instrument (MIRI) on board the James Webb Space Telescope will perform the first ever characterization of young giant exoplanets observed by direct imaging in the 5-28 microns spectral range. This wavelength range is key…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-11-28 C. Danielski , J. -L. Baudino , P. -O. Lagage , A. Boccaletti , R. Gastaud , A. Coulais , B. Bézard

We investigate at what abundances various hydrocarbon molecules (e.g. acetylene (C$_2$H$_2$), ethylene (C$_2$H$_4$), and methane (CH$_4$)) become detectable when observing the atmospheres of various planets using JWST. We focused on…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-02-03 Danny Gasman , Michiel Min , Katy L. Chubb

In a previous paper, we discussed an original solution to improve the performances of coronagraphs by adding, in the optical scheme, an adaptive hologram removing most of the residual speckle starlight. In our simulations, the detection…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-17 Davide Ricci , Hervé Le Coroller , Antoine Labeyrie , Pierre Piron

Will future direct imaging missions such as NASA's upcoming Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) be able to understand Earth-sized planets as a population? In this study, we simulate the ability of space-based coronagraphy missions to uncover…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-10 Noah W. Tuchow , Christopher C. Stark , Daniel Apai , Martin Schlecker , Kevin K. Hardegree-Ullman

Our Earth, being the only living planet that we know, provides us with clues that photosynthetic life-forms may be dominant on other exoplanets for billions of years. Spectropolarimetric signatures of the terrestrial photosynthetic life…

Nitrogen dioxide (NO$_2$) on Earth today has biogenic and anthropogenic sources. During the COVID-19 pandemic, observations of global NO$_2$ emissions have shown significant decrease in urban areas. Drawing upon this example of NO$_2$ as an…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-03 Ravi Kopparapu , Giada Arney , Jacob Haqq-Misra , Jacob Lustig-Yaeger , Geronimo Villanueva

Identifying key observables is essential for enhancing our knowledge of exoplanet habitability and biospheres, as well as improving future mission capabilities. While currently challenging, future observatories such as the Large…

Direct imaging of exoplanets relies on complex wavefront sensing and control architectures. In addition to fast adaptive optics systems, most of the future high-contrast imaging instruments will soon be equipped with focal plane wavefront…

We present a new method to probe atmospheric pressure on Earthlike planets using (O2-O2) dimers in the near-infrared. We also show that dimer features could be the most readily detectable biosignatures for Earthlike atmospheres, and may…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-05-21 Amit Misra , Victoria Meadows , Mark Claire , Dave Crisp

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is expected to revolutionize our understanding of Jovian worlds over the coming decade. However, as we push towards characterizing cooler, smaller, "terrestrial-like" planets, dedicated next-generation…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-03-04 Luke Tremblay , Michael R Line , Kevin B Stevenson , Tiffany Kataria , Robert T Zellem , Jonathan J Fortney , Caroline V Morley