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Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) protocols based on coherent detection have been studied extensively in both theory and experiment. In all the existing implementations of CV-QKD, both the quantum signal and the local…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-28 Bing Qi , Pavel Lougovski , Raphael Pooser , Warren Grice , Miljko Bobrek

In recent years, there has been a great effort to prove the security of quantum key distribution (QKD) with a minimum number of assumptions. Besides its intrinsic theoretical interest, this would allow for larger tolerance against device…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-28 Kiyoshi Tamaki , Marcos Curty , Marco Lucamarini

Most security proofs of quantum key distribution (QKD) disregard the effect of information leakage from the users' devices, and, thus, do not protect against Trojan-horse attacks (THAs). In a THA, the eavesdropper injects strong light into…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-12 Álvaro Navarrete , Marcos Curty

With a modulated oscillator, we study several effects of quantum fluctuations far from thermal equilibrium. One of them is quantum heating, where quantum fluctuations lead to a finite-width distribution of a resonantly modulated oscillator…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2017-09-15 Vittorio Peano , M I Dykman

We propose and demonstrate a fully passive discrete-state continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD), which can eliminate all modulator side channels on the source side, using a local local oscillator (LLO). The CV-QKD system…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-04 Yu Zhang , Xuyang Wang , Chenyang Li , Jie Yun , Qiang Zeng , Zhiliang Yuan , Zhenguo Lu , Yongmin Li

We propose a continuous variable quantum key distribution protocol based on discrete modulation of eight-state coherent states. We present a rigorous security proof against the collective attacks considering both of realistic lossy, noisy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-06-23 A. Becir , F. A. A. El-Orany , M. R. B. Wahiddin

Quantum key distribution performs the trick of growing a secret key in two distant places connected by a quantum channel. The main reason is that the legitimate users can bound the information gathered by the eavesdropper. In practical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-06-03 David Elkouss , Jesus Martinez-Mateo , Vicente Martin

Continuous variable quantum key distribution with discrete modulation has the potential to provide information-theoretic security using widely available optical elements and existing telecom infrastructure. While their implementation is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-25 Stefan Bäuml , Carlos Pascual-García , Victoria Wright , Omar Fawzi , Antonio Acín

The noise in optical source needs to be characterized for the security of continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD). Two feasible schemes, based on either active optical switch or passive beamsplitter are proposed to monitor the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-03 Jian Yang , Xiang Peng , Hong Guo

The technological possibilities of a realistic eavesdropper are discussed. Two eavesdropping strategies taking profit of multiphoton pulses in faint laser QKD are presented. We conclude that, as long as storage of Qubits is technically…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Stephane Felix , Nicolas Gisin , Andre Stefanov , Hugo Zbinden

We present security proofs for a protocol for Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) based on encoding in finite high-dimensional Hilbert spaces. This protocol is an extension of Bennett's and Brassard's basic protocol from two bases, two state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Mohamed Bourennane , Anders Karlsson , Gunnar Bjork , Nicolas Gisin , Nicolas Cerf

We compare the effect of different noise scenarios on the achievable rate of an epsilon-secure key for the BB84 and the six-state protocol. We study the situation where quantum noise is added deliberately, and investigate the remarkable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-03 Markus Mertz , Hermann Kampermann , Zahra Shadman , Dagmar Bruß

The advent of quantum computers has significantly challenged the security of traditional cryptographic systems, prompting a surge in research on quantum key distribution (QKD). Among various QKD approaches, continuous-variable QKD (CVQKD)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-26 Xiaojuan Liao , Yuehan Xu , Qijun Zhang , Peng Huang , Tao Wang , Kaizhi Wang , Guihua Zeng

In principle, quantum key distribution (QKD) offers information-theoretic security based on the laws of physics. In practice, however, the imperfections of realistic devices might introduce deviations from the idealized models used in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-01 Feihu Xu , Xiongfeng Ma , Qiang Zhang , Hoi-Kwong Lo , Jian-Wei Pan

Quantum cryptography is information-theoretically secure owing to its solid basis in quantum mechanics. However, generally, initial implementations with practical imperfections might open loopholes, allowing an eavesdropper to compromise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-25 Anqi Huang , Stefanie Barz , Erika Andersson , Vadim Makarov

Quantum key distribution (QKD) based on the fundamental laws of quantum physics can allow the distribution of secure keys between distant users. However, the imperfections in realistic devices may lead to potential security risks, which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-03 Liying Han , Yang Li , Hao Tan , Weiyang Zhang , Wenqi Cai , Juan Yin , Jigang Ren , Feihu Xu , Shengkai Liao , Chengzhi Peng

Quantum key distribution (QKD) promises provably secure cryptography, even to attacks from an all-powerful adversary. However, with quantum computing development lagging behind QKD, the assumption that there exists an adversary equipped…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-01 L. C. G. Govia , D. Bunandar , J. Lin , D. Englund , N. Lütkenhaus , H. Krovi

We provide a security analysis for continuous variable quantum key distribution protocols based on the transmission of squeezed vacuum states measured via homodyne detection. We employ a version of the entropic uncertainty relation for…

A communication protocol based on a Gaussian modulation of squeezed states in a single quadrature and measured via homodyne detection can completely eliminate information leakage to an eavesdropper in a pure-loss channel. However, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-21 Matthew S. Winnel , Nedasadat Hosseinidehaj , Timothy C. Ralph

Passive decoy-state quantum key distribution (QKD) systems, proven to be more desirable than active ones in some scenarios, also have the problem of device imperfections like intensity fluctuations. In this paper the formular of key…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-18 Yuan Li , Wan-su Bao , Hong-wei Li , Chun Zhou , Yang Wang