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Graph problems are fundamentally challenging for large language models (LLMs). While LLMs excel at processing unstructured text, graph tasks require reasoning over explicit structure, permutation invariance, and computationally complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Angelo Zangari , Peyman Baghershahi , Sourav Medya

Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly rely on agentic capabilities-iterative retrieval, tool use, and decision-making-to overcome the limits of static, parametric knowledge. Yet existing agentic frameworks treat external information as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Yuanfu Sun , Kang Li , Dongzhe Fan , Jiajin Liu , Qiaoyu Tan

Despite the superior performance of large language models to generate natural language texts, it is hard to generate texts with correct logic according to a given task, due to the difficulties for neural models to capture implied rules from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Fan Zhang , Kebing Jin , Hankz Hankui Zhuo

Significant efforts have been dedicated to integrating the powerful Large Language Models (LLMs) with diverse modalities, particularly focusing on the fusion of language, vision and audio data. However, the graph-structured data, which is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Zipeng Liu , Likang Wu , Ming He , Zhong Guan , Hongke Zhao , Nan Feng

The integration of large language models (LLMs) with graph-structured data has become a pivotal and fast evolving research frontier, drawing strong interest from both academia and industry. The 2nd LLM+Graph Workshop, co-located with the…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Yixiang Fang , Arijit Khan , Tianxing Wu , Da Yan , Shu Wang

Various human-designed prompt engineering techniques have been proposed to improve problem solvers based on Large Language Models (LLMs), yielding many disparate code bases. We unify these approaches by describing LLM-based agents as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Mingchen Zhuge , Wenyi Wang , Louis Kirsch , Francesco Faccio , Dmitrii Khizbullin , Jürgen Schmidhuber

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at addressing straightforward reasoning tasks, they frequently struggle with difficulties when confronted by more complex multi-step reasoning due to a range of factors. Firstly, natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Kewei Cheng , Nesreen K. Ahmed , Theodore Willke , Yizhou Sun

The advancement of large language models (LLMs) for real-world applications hinges critically on enhancing their reasoning capabilities. In this work, we explore the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) through their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Romain Cosentino , Sarath Shekkizhar

With the increasing prevalence of cross-domain Text-Attributed Graph (TAG) Data (e.g., citation networks, recommendation systems, social networks, and ai4science), the integration of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) and Large Language Models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Xunkai Li , Zhengyu Wu , Jiayi Wu , Hanwen Cui , Jishuo Jia , Rong-Hua Li , Guoren Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently developed new advanced functionalities. Their effectiveness relies on statistical learning and generalization capabilities. However, they face limitations in internalizing the data they process and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Farah Ben Slama , Frédéric Armetta

Language models (LMs) are powerful yet mostly for text generation tasks. Tools have substantially enhanced their performance for tasks that require complex skills. However, many works adopt the term "tool" in different ways, raising the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Zhiruo Wang , Zhoujun Cheng , Hao Zhu , Daniel Fried , Graham Neubig

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at many tasks but often falter on complex problems that require structured, multi-step reasoning. We introduce the Diagram of Thought (DoT), a framework that enables a single LLM to build and navigate a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yifan Zhang , Yang Yuan , Andrew Chi-Chih Yao

Large Language Models (LLMs) show strong reasoning ability in open-domain question answering, yet their reasoning processes are typically linear and often logically inconsistent. In contrast, real-world reasoning requires integrating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yingjian Chen , Haoran Liu , Yinhong Liu , Sherry T. Tong , Aosong Feng , Jinghui Lu , Juntao Zhang , Yusuke Iwasawa , Yutaka Matsuo , Irene Li

Causal structure discovery from observations can be improved by integrating background knowledge provided by an expert to reduce the hypothesis space. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have begun to be considered as sources of prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Victor-Alexandru Darvariu , Stephen Hailes , Mirco Musolesi

We show that large language models (LLMs) are remarkably good at working with interpretable models that decompose complex outcomes into univariate graph-represented components. By adopting a hierarchical approach to reasoning, LLMs can…

Transformer neural networks show promising capabilities, in particular for uses in materials analysis, design and manufacturing, including their capacity to work effectively with both human language, symbols, code, and numerical data. Here…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Markus J. Buehler

Large language models (LLMs) have recently taken the world by storm. They can generate coherent text, hold meaningful conversations, and be taught concepts and basic sets of instructions - such as the steps of an algorithm. In this context,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Sara Di Bartolomeo , Giorgio Severi , Victor Schetinger , Cody Dunne

The use of knowledge graphs for grounding agents in real-world Q&A applications has become increasingly common. Answering complex queries often requires multi-hop reasoning and the ability to navigate vast relational structures. Standard…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Taraneh Ghandi , Hamidreza Mahyar , Shachar Klaiman

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for text-rich graph machine learning tasks such as node classification in high-impact domains like fraud detection and recommendation systems. Yet, despite a surge of interest, the field…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Ben Finkelshtein , Silviu Cucerzan , Sujay Kumar Jauhar , Ryen White

Large language models (LLMs) leverage deep learning architectures to process and predict sequences of words, enabling them to perform a wide range of natural language processing tasks, such as translation, summarization, question answering,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Mohammad Shahedur Rahman , Peng Gao , Yuede Ji