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In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in complex reasoning tasks like mathematical problem-solving. However, existing research predominantly relies on reinforcement learning (RL) frameworks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-12 ShaoZhen Liu , Xinting Huang , Houwen Peng , Xin Chen , Xinyang Song , Qi Li , Zhenan Sun

Recent progress in large language models (LLM) found chain-of-thought prompting strategies to improve the reasoning ability of LLMs by encouraging problem solving through multiple steps. Therefore, subsequent research aimed to integrate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Ting-Ruen Wei , Haowei Liu , Xuyang Wu , Yi Fang

Recent large language models (LLMs) achieve strong performance in generating promising reasoning paths for complex tasks. However, despite powerful generation ability, LLMs remain weak at verifying their own answers, revealing a persistent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yuxin Chen , Yu Wang , Yi Zhang , Ziang Ye , Zhengzhou Cai , Yaorui Shi , Qi Gu , Hui Su , Xunliang Cai , Xiang Wang , An Zhang , Tat-Seng Chua

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate considerable potential in various natural language tasks but face significant challenges in mathematical reasoning, particularly in executing precise, multi-step logic. However, current evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Tiasa Singha Roy , Aditeya Baral , Ayush Rajesh Jhaveri , Yusuf Baig

Multi-step reasoning improves the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) but increases the risk of errors propagating through intermediate steps. Process reward models (PRMs) mitigate this by scoring each step individually, enabling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Corentin Royer , Debarun Bhattacharjya , Gaetano Rossiello , Andrea Giovannini , Mennatallah El-Assady

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable progress in complex reasoning tasks through both post-training and test-time scaling laws. While prevalent test-time scaling approaches are often realized by using external reward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Fuxiang Zhang , Jiacheng Xu , Chaojie Wang , Ce Cui , Yang Liu , Bo An

Large language models (LLMs) are commonly evaluated on tasks that test their knowledge or reasoning abilities. In this paper, we explore a different type of evaluation: whether an LLM can predict aspects of its own responses. Since LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Elon Ezra , Ariel Weizman , Amos Azaria

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled zero-shot automated essay scoring (AES), providing a promising way to reduce the cost and effort of essay scoring in comparison with manual grading. However, most existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Takumi Shibata , Yuichi Miyamura

Prompting techniques have significantly enhanced the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) across various complex tasks, including reasoning, planning, and solving math word problems. However, most research has predominantly focused…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Neisarg Dave , Daniel Kifer , C. Lee Giles , Ankur Mali

Self-critic has become a crucial mechanism for enhancing the reasoning performance of LLMs. However, current approaches mainly involve basic prompts for intuitive instance-level feedback, which resembles System-1 processes and limits the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Xin Zheng , Jie Lou , Boxi Cao , Xueru Wen , Yuqiu Ji , Hongyu Lin , Yaojie Lu , Xianpei Han , Debing Zhang , Le Sun

This study focuses on improving the performance of lightweight Large Language Models (LLMs) in mathematical reasoning tasks. We introduce a novel method for measuring mathematical logic similarity and design an automatic screening mechanism…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Ding Kai , Ma Zhenguo , Yan Xiaoran

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable generative abilities, but can they judge the quality of their own generations? A popular concept, referred to as self-refinement, postulates that LLMs can detect and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Kumar Shridhar , Koustuv Sinha , Andrew Cohen , Tianlu Wang , Ping Yu , Ram Pasunuru , Mrinmaya Sachan , Jason Weston , Asli Celikyilmaz

Mathematical reasoning through Chain-of-Thought (CoT) has emerged as a powerful capability of Large Language Models (LLMs), which can be further enhanced through Test-Time Scaling (TTS) methods like Beam Search and DVTS. However, these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Zezhong Wang , Xingshan Zeng , Weiwen Liu , Yufei Wang , Liangyou Li , Yasheng Wang , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu , Kam-Fai Wong

Outcome-rewarded Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success in mathematical problem-solving. However, this success often masks a critical issue: models frequently achieve correct answers through fundamentally unsound…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Jiaxing Guo , Wenjie Yang , Shengzhong Zhang , Tongshan Xu , Lun Du , Da Zheng , Zengfeng Huang

Self-training approach for large language models (LLMs) improves reasoning abilities by training the models on their self-generated rationales. Previous approaches have labeled rationales that produce correct answers for a given question as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Jaehyeok Lee , Keisuke Sakaguchi , JinYeong Bak

In task-oriented conversational AI evaluation, unsupervised methods poorly correlate with human judgments, and supervised approaches lack generalization. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) show robust zeroshot and few-shot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Jinghan Jia , Abi Komma , Timothy Leffel , Xujun Peng , Ajay Nagesh , Tamer Soliman , Aram Galstyan , Anoop Kumar

Reasoning large language models (LLMs) heavily rely on scaling test-time compute to perform complex reasoning tasks by generating extensive "thinking" chains. While demonstrating impressive results, this approach incurs significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Michael Hassid , Gabriel Synnaeve , Yossi Adi , Roy Schwartz

Like humans, large language models (LLMs) do not always generate the best output on their first try. Motivated by how humans refine their written text, we introduce Self-Refine, an approach for improving initial outputs from LLMs through…

While logical reasoning evaluation of Large Language Models (LLMs) has attracted significant attention, existing benchmarks predominantly rely on multiple-choice formats that are vulnerable to random guessing, leading to overestimated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Qin Zhu , Fei Huang , Runyu Peng , Keming Lu , Bowen Yu , Qinyuan Cheng , Xipeng Qiu , Xuanjing Huang , Junyang Lin

Matching patients to clinical trials is a key unsolved challenge in bringing new drugs to market. Today, identifying patients who meet a trial's eligibility criteria is highly manual, taking up to 1 hour per patient. Automated screening is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Michael Wornow , Alejandro Lozano , Dev Dash , Jenelle Jindal , Kenneth W. Mahaffey , Nigam H. Shah
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