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Thesedays, Convolutional Neural Networks are widely used in semantic segmentation. However, since CNN-based segmentation networks produce low-resolution outputs with rich semantic information, it is inevitable that spatial details (e.g.,…

Deep learning has been widely used for medical image segmentation and a large number of papers has been presented recording the success of deep learning in the field. In this paper, we present a comprehensive thematic survey on medical…

Bounding box regression is the crucial step in object detection. In existing methods, while $\ell_n$-norm loss is widely adopted for bounding box regression, it is not tailored to the evaluation metric, i.e., Intersection over Union (IoU).…

Fully convolutional neural networks (FCNs), and in particular U-Nets, have achieved state-of-the-art results in semantic segmentation for numerous medical imaging applications. Moreover, batch normalization and Dice loss have been used…

The medical imaging literature has witnessed remarkable progress in high-performing segmentation models based on convolutional neural networks. Despite the new performance highs, the recent advanced segmentation models still require large,…

Lung cancer ranks as one of the leading causes of cancer diagnosis and is the foremost cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The early detection of lung nodules plays a pivotal role in improving outcomes for patients, as it enables…

Segmenting medical images is critical to facilitating both patient diagnoses and quantitative research. A major limiting factor is the lack of labeled data, as obtaining expert annotations for each new set of imaging data and task can be…

Medical images used in clinical practice are heterogeneous and not the same quality as scans studied in academic research. Preprocessing breaks down in extreme cases when anatomy, artifacts, or imaging parameters are unusual or protocols…

Deep learning based image segmentation methods have achieved great success, even having human-level accuracy in some applications. However, due to the black box nature of deep learning, the best method may fail in some situations. Thus…

Semantic image segmentation is the process of labeling each pixel of an image with its corresponding class. An encoder-decoder based approach, like U-Net and its variants, is a popular strategy for solving medical image segmentation tasks.…

Segmentation is one of the most significant steps in image processing. Segmenting an image is a technique that makes it possible to separate a digital image into various areas based on the different characteristics of pixels in the image.…

Semantic segmentation consists of assigning a semantic label to each pixel according to predefined classes. This process facilitates the understanding of object appearance and spatial relationships, playing an important role in the global…

Medical image segmentation has achieved remarkable advancements using deep neural networks (DNNs). However, DNNs often need big amounts of data and annotations for training, both of which can be difficult and costly to obtain. In this work,…

Manually inspecting polyps from a colonoscopy for colorectal cancer or performing a biopsy on skin lesions for skin cancer are time-consuming, laborious, and complex procedures. Automatic medical image segmentation aims to expedite this…

The goal of field boundary delineation is to predict the polygonal boundaries and interiors of individual crop fields in overhead remotely sensed images (e.g., from satellites or drones). Automatic delineation of field boundaries is a…

Medical image segmentation is usually regarded as one of the most important intermediate steps in clinical situations and medical imaging research. Thus, accurately assessing the segmentation quality of the automatically generated…

The accurate segmentation of medical images is critical for various healthcare applications. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs), especially Fully Convolutional Networks (FCNs) like U-Net, have shown remarkable success in medical image…

U-Nets have achieved tremendous success in medical image segmentation. Nevertheless, it may suffer limitations in global (long-range) contextual interactions and edge-detail preservation. In contrast, Transformer has an excellent ability to…

Pathological morphology diagnosis is the standard diagnosis method of hydatidiform mole. As a disease with malignant potential, the hydatidiform mole section of hydrops lesions is an important basis for diagnosis. Due to incomplete lesion…

The use of deep learning for medical imaging has seen tremendous growth in the research community. One reason for the slow uptake of these systems in the clinical setting is that they are complex, opaque and tend to fail silently. Outside…