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The vast size of Large Language Models (LLMs) has prompted a search to optimize inference. One effective approach is dynamic inference, which adapts the architecture to the sample-at-hand to reduce the overall computational cost. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Theodore Glavas , Joud Chataoui , Florence Regol , Wassim Jabbour , Antonios Valkanas , Boris N. Oreshkin , Mark Coates

Speculative decoding is an effective and lossless approach for accelerating LLM inference. However, existing widely adopted model-based draft designs, such as EAGLE3, improve accuracy at the cost of multi-step autoregressive inference,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Fuliang Liu , Xue Li , Ketai Zhao , Yinxi Gao , Ziyan Zhou , Zhonghui Zhang , Zhibin Wang , Wanchun Dou , Sheng Zhong , Chen Tian

Although pre-trained language models (PLMs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance on various natural language processing (NLP) tasks, they are shown to be lacking in knowledge when dealing with knowledge driven tasks. Despite the many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Qianglong Chen , Feng-Lin Li , Guohai Xu , Ming Yan , Ji Zhang , Yin Zhang

Recently developed large pre-trained language models, e.g., BERT, have achieved remarkable performance in many downstream natural language processing applications. These pre-trained language models often contain hundreds of millions of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Xinyi Wang , Haiqin Yang , Liang Zhao , Yang Mo , Jianping Shen

Fine-tuning large pre-trained models is an effective transfer mechanism in NLP. However, in the presence of many downstream tasks, fine-tuning is parameter inefficient: an entire new model is required for every task. As an alternative, we…

Recently, Natural Language Processing (NLP) has witnessed an impressive progress in many areas, due to the advent of novel, pretrained contextual representation models. In particular, Devlin et al. (2019) proposed a model, called BERT…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-09 Debora Nozza , Federico Bianchi , Dirk Hovy

Pre-trained Transformer-based neural language models, such as BERT, have achieved remarkable results on varieties of NLP tasks. Recent works have shown that attention-based models can benefit from more focused attention over local regions.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Zhongli Li , Qingyu Zhou , Chao Li , Ke Xu , Yunbo Cao

The large pre-trained BERT has achieved remarkable performance on Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks but is also computation and memory expensive. As one of the powerful compression approaches, binarization extremely reduces the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Haotong Qin , Yifu Ding , Mingyuan Zhang , Qinghua Yan , Aishan Liu , Qingqing Dang , Ziwei Liu , Xianglong Liu

Large-scale pre-trained language models have shown impressive results on language understanding benchmarks like GLUE and SuperGLUE, improving considerably over other pre-training methods like distributed representations (GloVe) and purely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Tanja Bunk , Daksh Varshneya , Vladimir Vlasov , Alan Nichol

Although BERT is widely used by the NLP community, little is known about its inner workings. Several attempts have been made to shed light on certain aspects of BERT, often with contradicting conclusions. A much raised concern focuses on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Nikolaos Manginas , Ilias Chalkidis , Prodromos Malakasiotis

BERT has revolutionized the NLP field by enabling transfer learning with large language models that can capture complex textual patterns, reaching the state-of-the-art for an expressive number of NLP applications. For text classification…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Frederico Souza , João Filho

Real-world NLP applications often deal with nonstandard text (e.g., dialectal, informal, or misspelled text). However, language models like BERT deteriorate in the face of dialect variation or noise. How do we push BERT's modeling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Aarohi Srivastava , David Chiang

Context: Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are increasingly deployed in critical applications, where resilience against adversarial inputs is paramount. However, whether coverage-based or confidence-based, existing test prioritization methods…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Sheikh Md Mushfiqur Rahman , Nasir Eisty

Recent work explored the potential of large-scale Transformer-based pre-trained models, especially Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) in natural language processing. This raises many concerns from various perspectives, e.g., financial costs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Yuxin Ren , Benyou Wang , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu

In this paper, we present a study of the recent advancements which have helped bring Transfer Learning to NLP through the use of semi-supervised training. We discuss cutting-edge methods and architectures such as BERT, GPT, ELMo, ULMFit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-17 Aditya Malte , Pratik Ratadiya

Neural information retrieval architectures based on transformers such as BERT are able to significantly improve system effectiveness over traditional sparse models such as BM25. Though highly effective, these neural approaches are very…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Antonio Mallia , Joel Mackenzie , Torsten Suel , Nicola Tonellotto

Neural networks models for NLP are typically implemented without the explicit encoding of language rules and yet they are able to break one performance record after another. This has generated a lot of research interest in interpreting the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-14 Mariya Toneva , Leila Wehbe

Pruning has recently been widely adopted to reduce the parameter scale and improve the inference efficiency of Large Language Models (LLMs). Mainstream pruning techniques often rely on uniform layerwise pruning strategies, which can lead to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Yuli Chen , Bo Cheng , Jiale Han , Yingying Zhang , Yingting Li , Shuhao Zhang

In recent years, BERT has made significant breakthroughs on many natural language processing tasks and attracted great attentions. Despite its accuracy gains, the BERT model generally involves a huge number of parameters and needs to be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-19 Cheng Yang , Shengnan Wang , Yuechuan Li , Chao Yang , Ming Yan , Jingqiao Zhang , Fangquan Lin

Recent state-of-the-art language models utilize a two-phase training procedure comprised of (i) unsupervised pre-training on unlabeled text, and (ii) fine-tuning for a specific supervised task. More recently, many studies have been focused…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-15 Itzik Malkiel , Lior Wolf