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In late 2022, OpenAI released a new version of ChatGPT, a sophisticated natural language processing system capable of holding natural conversations while preserving and responding to the context of the discussion. ChatGPT has exceeded…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Kamil Malinka , Martin Perešíni , Anton Firc , Ondřej Hujňák , Filip Januš

We present a large-scale study of linguistic bias exhibited by ChatGPT covering ten dialects of English (Standard American English, Standard British English, and eight widely spoken non-"standard" varieties from around the world). We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Eve Fleisig , Genevieve Smith , Madeline Bossi , Ishita Rustagi , Xavier Yin , Dan Klein

We conducted controlled experimental bias audits for four versions of ChatGPT, which we asked to recommend an opening offer in salary negotiations for a new hire. We submitted 98,800 prompts to each version, systematically varying the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-10-10 R. Stuart Geiger , Flynn O'Sullivan , Elsie Wang , Jonathan Lo

A Large Language Model (LLM) is an artificial intelligence system that has been trained on vast amounts of natural language data, enabling it to generate human-like responses to written or spoken language input. GPT-3.5 is an example of an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Gaurav Suri , Lily R. Slater , Ali Ziaee , Morgan Nguyen

In traditional decision making processes, social biases of human decision makers can lead to unequal economic outcomes for underrepresented social groups, such as women, racial or ethnic minorities. Recently, the increasing popularity of…

General Economics · Economics 2024-03-25 Jiafu An , Difang Huang , Chen Lin , Mingzhu Tai

In response to the recent safety probing for OpenAI's GPT-OSS-20b model, we present a summary of a set of vulnerabilities uncovered in the model, focusing on its performance and safety alignment in a low-resource language setting. The core…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Isa Inuwa-Dutse

Extant work shows that generative AI models such as GPT-3.5 and 4 perpetuate social stereotypes and biases. One concerning but less explored source of bias is ideology. Do GPT models take ideological stances on politically sensitive topics?…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Christina Walker , Joan C. Timoneda

The study illustrates a first step towards an ongoing work aimed at developing a dataset of dialogues potentially useful for customer service conversation management between humans and AI chatbots. The approach exploits ChatGPT 3.5 to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Alfredo Cuzzocrea , Giovanni Pilato , Pablo Garcia Bringas

This study examines how different artificial intelligence architectures interpret sentiment in conflict-related media discourse, using the 2023 Gaza War as a case study. Drawing on a corpus of 10,990 Arabic news headlines (Eleraqi 2026),…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Amr Eleraqi , Hager H. Mustafa , Abdul Hadi N. Ahmed

As artificial intelligence technology continues to advance, chatbots are becoming increasingly powerful. Among them, ChatGPT, launched by OpenAI, has garnered widespread attention globally due to its powerful natural language processing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yushan Xiang , Zhongwen Li , Xiaoqi Li

Applications of large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT have potential to enhance clinical decision support through conversational interfaces. However, challenges of human-algorithmic interaction and clinician trust are poorly understood.…

This study is among the first to develop different prototypes of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) chatbots powered by GPT-4 to communicate hurricane preparedness information to diverse residents. Drawing from the Computers Are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Xinyan Zhao , Yuan Sun , Wenlin Liu , Chau-Wai Wong

Information-seeking AI assistant systems aim to answer users' queries about knowledge in a timely manner. However, both the human-perceived helpfulness of information-seeking assistant systems and its fairness implication are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Jiao Sun , Yu Hou , Jiin Kim , Nanyun Peng

In this study, we investigate the capabilities and inherent biases of advanced large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 in the context of debate evaluation. We discover that LLM's performance exceeds humans and surpasses the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Xinyi Liu , Pinxin Liu , Hangfeng He

Generative AI models continue to become more powerful. The launch of ChatGPT in November 2022 has ushered in a new era of AI. ChatGPT and other similar chatbots have a range of capabilities, from answering student homework questions to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Yanchen Wang , Lisa Singh

The introduction of Artificial Intelligence (AI) generative language models such as GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) and tools such as ChatGPT has triggered a revolution that can transform how text is generated. This has many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Pedro Reviriego , Javier Conde , Elena Merino-Gómez , Gonzalo Martínez , José Alberto Hernández

GPT-3 can perform numerous tasks when provided a natural language prompt that contains a few training examples. We show that this type of few-shot learning can be unstable: the choice of prompt format, training examples, and even the order…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Tony Z. Zhao , Eric Wallace , Shi Feng , Dan Klein , Sameer Singh

ChatGPT is an AI language model developed by OpenAI that can understand and generate human-like text. It can be used for a variety of use cases such as language generation, question answering, text summarization, chatbot development,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Ishika Joshi , Ritvik Budhiraja , Harshal Dev , Jahnvi Kadia , M. Osama Ataullah , Sayan Mitra , Dhruv Kumar , Harshal D. Akolekar

As leading examples of large language models, ChatGPT and Gemini claim to provide accurate and unbiased information, emphasizing their commitment to political neutrality and avoidance of personal bias. This research investigates the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Dogus Yuksel , Mehmet Cem Catalbas , Bora Oc

The article aims to analyze the performance of ChatGPT, a large language model developed by OpenAI, in the context of cardiology and vascular pathologies. The study evaluated the accuracy of ChatGPT in answering challenging multiple-choice…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Walid Hariri