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The growing volume of graph data may exhaust the main memory. It is crucial to design a disk-based graph storage system to ingest updates and analyze graphs efficiently. However, existing dynamic graph storage systems suffer from read or…

Large language models (LLMs) rely on Key-Value (KV) cache to reduce time-to-first-token (TTFT) latency, but existing disk-based KV cache systems using file-per-object layouts suffer from severe scalability bottlenecks due to file system…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Weiping Yu , Ye Jiarui , He Mengke , Junfeng Liu , Siqiang Luo

Multicopy search structures such as log-structured merge (LSM) trees are optimized for high insert/update/delete (collectively known as upsert) performance. In such data structures, an upsert on key $k$, which adds $(k,v)$ where $v$ can be…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Nisarg Patel , Siddharth Krishna , Dennis Shasha , Thomas Wies

We present LearnedKV, a novel tiered key-value store that seamlessly integrates a Log-Structured Merge (LSM) tree with a Learned Index to achieve superior read and write performance on storage systems. While existing approaches use learned…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Wenlong Wang , David Hung-Chang Du

This paper studies the design of B-tree that can take full advantage of modern storage hardware with built-in transparent compression. Recent years have witnessed significant interest in applying log-structured merge tree (LSM-tree) as an…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-07-30 Yifan Qiao , Xubin Chen , Ning Zheng , Jiangpeng Li , Yang Liu , Tong Zhang

LSM-tree-based data stores are widely adopted in industries for their excellent performance. As data scales increase, disk-based join operations become indispensable yet costly for the database, making the selection of suitable join methods…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Weiping Yu , Fan Wang , Xuwei Zhang , Siqiang Luo

The Log Structured Merge Trees (LSM-tree) based key-value stores are widely used in many storage systems to support a variety of operations such as updates, point reads, and range reads. Traditionally, LSM-tree's merge policy organizes data…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Fuheng Zhao , Zach Miller , Leron Reznikov , Divyakant Agrawal , Amr El Abbadi

Key-Value Stores (KVS) based on log-structured merge-trees (LSM-trees) are widely used in storage systems but face significant challenges, such as high write amplification caused by compaction. KV-separated LSM-trees address write…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Jianshun Zhang , Fang Wang , Jiaxin Ou , Yi Wang , Ming Zhao , Sheng Qiu , Junxun Huang , Baoquan Li , Peng Fang , Dan Feng

Database Management Systems and K/V-Stores operate on updatable datasets -- massively exceeding the size of available main memory. Tree-based K/V storage management structures became particularly popular in storage engines. B+ Trees allow…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Christian Riegger , Ilia Petrov

Key-Value Stores (KVS) implemented with log-structured merge-tree (LSM-tree) have gained widespread acceptance in storage systems. Nonetheless, a significant challenge arises in the form of high write amplification due to the compaction…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Jianshun Zhang , Fang Wang , Sheng Qiu , Yi Wang , Jiaxin Ou , Junxun Huang , Baoquan Li , Peng Fang , Dan Feng

LSM-trees are widely adopted as the storage backend of key-value stores. However, optimizing the system performance under dynamic workloads has not been sufficiently studied or evaluated in previous work. To fill the gap, we present RusKey,…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Dingheng Mo , Fanchao Chen , Siqiang Luo , Caihua Shan

Modern mainstream persistent key-value storage engines utilize Log-Structured Merge tree (LSM-tree) based designs, optimizing read/write performance by leveraging sequential disk I/O. However, the advent of SSDs, with their significant…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Jin Jiang , Dongsheng He , Yu Hu , Dong Liu , Chenfan Xiao , Hongxiao Bi , Yusong Zhang , Chaoqu Jiang , Zhijun Fu

We present Keigo, a concurrency- and workload-aware storage middleware that enhances the performance of log-structured merge key-value stores (LSM KVS) when they are deployed on a hierarchy of storage devices. The key observation behind…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Rúben Adão , Zhongjie Wu , Changjun Zhou , Oana Balmau , João Paulo , Ricardo Macedo

Data-intensive applications fueled the evolution of log structured merge (LSM) based key-value engines that employ the out-of-place paradigm to support high ingestion rates with low read/write interference. These benefits, however, come at…

Databases · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Subhadeep Sarkar , Tarikul Islam Papon , Dimitris Staratzis , Manos Athanassoulis

In recent years, the Log Structured Merge (LSM) tree has been widely adopted by NoSQL and NewSQL systems for its superior write performance. Despite its popularity, however, most existing work has focused on LSM-based key-value stores with…

Databases · Computer Science 2019-01-08 Chen Luo , Michael J. Carey

Real-time analytics systems employ hybrid data layouts in which data are stored in different formats throughout their lifecycle. Recent data are stored in a row-oriented format to serve OLTP workloads and support high insert rates, while…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Hemant Saxena , Lukasz Golab , Stratos Idreos , Ihab F. Ilyas

Authenticated data storage on an untrusted platform is an important computing paradigm for cloud applications ranging from big-data outsourcing, to cryptocurrency and certificate transparency log. These modern applications increasingly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-11 Yuzhe Tang , Ju Chen , Kai Li , Jianliang Xu , Qi Zhang

The cloud infrastructure motivates disaggregation of monolithic data stores into components that are assembled together based on an application's workload. This study investigates disaggregation of an LSM-tree key-value store into…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Haoyu Huang , Shahram Ghandeharizadeh

Log-Structured Merge-trees (LSM-trees) have been widely used in modern NoSQL systems. Due to their out-of-place update design, LSM-trees have introduced memory walls among the memory components of multiple LSM-trees and between the write…

Databases · Computer Science 2020-07-16 Chen Luo , Michael J. Carey

Log-Structured Merge trees (LSM trees) are increasingly used as part of the storage engine behind several data systems, and are frequently deployed in the cloud. As the number of applications relying on LSM-based storage backends increases,…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Andy Huynh , Harshal A. Chaudhari , Evimaria Terzi , Manos Athanassoulis