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Excitons are vital in the photophysics of materials, especially in low-dimensional systems. The conceptual and quantitative understanding of excitonic effects in nonlinear optical (NLO) processes is more challenging compared to linear ones.…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-02-26 Jiawei Ruan , Y. -H. Chan , Steven G. Louie

Excitons -- elementary excitations formed by bound electron-hole pairs -- govern the optical properties and excited-state dynamics of materials. In two-dimensions (2D), excitons are theoretically predicted to have a linear energy-momentum…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-03-14 Luna Y. Liu , Steffi Y. Woo , Jinyuan Wu , Bowen Hou , Cong Su , Diana Y. Qiu

The optical response of two-dimensional materials is often significantly impacted by excitonic effects due to the reduced screening of attractive Coulomb interactions in low-dimensional systems. Accurate modeling of exciton formation and…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-03-09 Dmitry Tumakov , Daria Popova-Gorelova

The bound electron-hole pairs known as excitons govern the optical properties of insulating solids. While their behavior in equilibrium is well-understood theoretically, the nonequilibrium regime at high excitation densities-where phenomena…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-10-31 Pushpendra Yadav

Excitons play an essential role in the optical response of two-dimensional materials. These are bound states showing up in the band gaps of many-body systems and are conceived as quasiparticles formed by an electron and a hole. By…

Many of the fundamental optical and electronic properties of atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides are dominated by strong Coulomb interactions between electrons and holes, forming tightly bound atom-like excitons. Here, we…

It is well-known that exciton effects are determinant to understand the optical absorption spectrum of low-dimensional materials. However, the role of excitons in nonlinear optical responses has been much less investigated at an…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-06-21 J. J. Esteve-Paredes , M. A. García-Blázquez , A. J. Uría-Álvarez , M. Camarasa-Gómez , J. J. Palacios

While polarons --- charges bound to a lattice deformation induced by electron-phonon coupling --- are primary photoexcitations at room temperature in bulk metal-halide hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIP), excitons --- Coulomb-bound…

Materials Science · Physics 2020-04-14 Ajay Ram Srimath Kandada , Carlos Silva

The equilibrium and non-equilibrium optical properties of single-layer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are determined by strongly bound excitons. Exciton relaxation dynamics in TMDs have been extensively studied by time-domain…

Excitons -- bound electron-hole pairs -- play a central role in light-matter interaction phenomena, and are crucial for wide-ranging applications from light harvesting and generation to quantum information processing. A long-standing…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-08-15 Jenny Hu , Etienne Lorchat , Xueqi Chen , Kenji Watanabe , Takashi Taniguchi , Tony F. Heinz , Puneet A. Murthy , Thibault Chervy

Excitons in a semiconductor monolayer form a collective resonance that can reflect resonant light with extraordinarily high efficiency. Here, we investigate the nonlinear optical properties of such atomistically thin mirrors and show that…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-03-02 Valentin Walther , Lida Zhang , Susanne F. Yelin , Thomas Pohl

Low-dimensional materials differ from their bulk counterpart in many respects. In particular, the screening of the Coulomb interaction is strongly reduced, which can have important consequences such as the significant increase of exciton…

Optical responses of atomically thin 2D materials are greatly influenced by electron-hole interactions. It is by far established that exciton signatures can be well-identified in the optical absorption spectrum of quasi-2D materials.…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-10-30 Yu-Tzu Chang , Yang-Hao Chan

In the last decade atomically thin 2D materials have emerged as a perfect platform for studying and tuning light-matter interaction and electronic properties in nanostructures. The optoelectronic properties in layered materials such as…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-10-07 Roberto Rosati , Ioannis Paradisanos , Ermin Malic , Bernhard Urbaszek

As the bound state of two oppositely charged particles, excitons emerge from optically excited semiconductors as the electronic analogue of a hydrogen atom. In the two-dimensional (2D) case, realized either in quantum well systems or truly…

Optics · Physics 2022-05-13 Tobias Graß , Utso Bhattacharya , Julia Sell , Mohammad Hafezi

Excitons govern the light-matter interaction in 2D gapped materials with intrinsically large binding energies. In spite of plentiful optical measurements in the visible for semiconducting transition-metal dichalcogenides, we still lack…

Due to a strong Coulomb interaction, excitons dominate the excitation kinetics in 2D materials. While Coulomb-scattering between electrons has been well studied, the interaction of excitons is more challenging and remains to be explored. As…

Materials Science · Physics 2021-01-27 Daniel Erkensten , Samuel Brem , Ermin Malic

In two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide structures, the optical excitation of a bright exciton may be followed by the formation of a plethora of lower energy dark states. In these formation and relaxation processes between…

Rydberg excitons (analogues of Rydberg atoms in condensed matter systems) are highly excited bound electron-hole states with large Bohr radii. The interaction between them as well as exciton coupling to light may lead to strong optical…

Metasurfaces enable flat optical elements by leveraging optical resonances in metallic or dielectric nanoparticles to obtain accurate control over the amplitude and phase of the scattered light. While highly efficient, these resonances are…

Optics · Physics 2022-09-07 Jason Lynch , Ludovica Guarneri , Deep Jariwala , Jorik van de Groep
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