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Backdoor attacks have severely threatened deep neural network (DNN) models in the past several years. These attacks can occur in almost every stage of the deep learning pipeline. Although the attacked model behaves normally on benign…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Yangming Chen

Text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models are widely adopted for their strong generative capabilities, yet remain vulnerable to backdoor attacks. Existing attacks typically rely on fixed textual triggers and single-entity backdoor targets,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Tianxin Chen , Wenbo Jiang , Hongqiao Chen , Zhirun Zheng , Cheng Huang

For nearly a decade the academic community has investigated backdoors in neural networks, primarily focusing on classification tasks where adversaries manipulate the model prediction. While demonstrably malicious, the immediate real-world…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Nicolas Küchler , Ivan Petrov , Conrad Grobler , Ilia Shumailov

The commercialization of text-to-image diffusion models (DMs) brings forth potential copyright concerns. Despite numerous attempts to protect DMs from copyright issues, the vulnerabilities of these solutions are underexplored. In this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Haonan Wang , Qianli Shen , Yao Tong , Yang Zhang , Kenji Kawaguchi

Backdoor attacks implant hidden behaviors into models by poisoning training data or modifying the model directly. These attacks aim to maintain high accuracy on benign inputs while causing misclassification when a specific trigger is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Jianyao Yin , Luca Arnaboldi , Honglong Chen , Pascal Berrang , Mark Ryan

The proliferation of text-to-image diffusion models (T2I DMs) has led to an increased presence of AI-generated images in daily life. However, biased T2I models can generate content with specific tendencies, potentially influencing people's…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Huayang Huang , Xiangye Jin , Jiaxu Miao , Yu Wu

Recent years have witnessed success in AIGC (AI Generated Content). People can make use of a pre-trained diffusion model to generate images of high quality or freely modify existing pictures with only prompts in nature language. More…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Yutong Wu , Jie Zhang , Florian Kerschbaum , Tianwei Zhang

Diffusion Models (DMs) have achieved remarkable success in image generation, yet recent studies reveal their vulnerability to backdoor attacks, where adversaries manipulate outputs via covert triggers embedded in inputs. Existing defenses,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Lei Zhang , Yu Pan , Bingrong Dai , Lin Wang

The widespread adoption of deep learning across various industries has introduced substantial challenges, particularly in terms of model explainability and security. The inherent complexity of deep learning models, while contributing to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Kealan Dunnett , Reza Arablouei , Dimity Miller , Volkan Dedeoglu , Raja Jurdak

Backdoor attacks pose a serious threat to the secure deployment of large language models (LLMs), enabling adversaries to implant hidden behaviors triggered by specific inputs. However, existing methods often rely on manually crafted…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Yige Li , Zhe Li , Wei Zhao , Nay Myat Min , Hanxun Huang , Xingjun Ma , Jun Sun

In recent years, text generation tools utilizing Artificial Intelligence (AI) have occasionally been misused across various domains, such as generating student reports or creative writings. This issue prompts plagiarism detection services…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Ahmed K. Kadhim , Lei Jiao , Rishad Shafik , Ole-Christoffer Granmo

Backdoor attacks are rapidly emerging threats to deep neural networks (DNNs). In the backdoor attack scenario, attackers usually implant the backdoor into the target model by manipulating the training dataset or training process. Then, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-09 Nan Zhong , Zhenxing Qian , Xinpeng Zhang

Recently, deep learning-based Image-to-Image (I2I) networks have become the predominant choice for I2I tasks such as image super-resolution and denoising. Despite their remarkable performance, the backdoor vulnerability of I2I networks has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Wenbo Jiang , Hongwei Li , Jiaming He , Rui Zhang , Guowen Xu , Tianwei Zhang , Rongxing Lu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown significant promise in real-world decision-making tasks for embodied artificial intelligence, especially when fine-tuned to leverage their inherent common sense and reasoning abilities while being…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Ruochen Jiao , Shaoyuan Xie , Justin Yue , Takami Sato , Lixu Wang , Yixuan Wang , Qi Alfred Chen , Qi Zhu

Medical foundation models are gaining prominence in the medical community for their ability to derive general representations from extensive collections of medical image-text pairs. Recent research indicates that these models are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Asif Hanif , Fahad Shamshad , Muhammad Awais , Muzammal Naseer , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Karthik Nandakumar , Salman Khan , Rao Muhammad Anwer

Text-to-image (T2I) models can be maliciously used to generate harmful content such as sexually explicit, unfaithful, and misleading or Not-Safe-for-Work (NSFW) images. Previous attacks largely depend on the availability of the diffusion…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Jiachen Ma , Yijiang Li , Zhiqing Xiao , Anda Cao , Jie Zhang , Chao Ye , Junbo Zhao

Recently, Text-to-Image (T2I) synthesis technology has made tremendous strides. Numerous representative T2I models have emerged and achieved promising application outcomes, such as DALL-E, Stable Diffusion, Imagen, etc. In practice, it has…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Wenbo Jiang , Jiaming He , Hongwei Li , Rui Zhang , Hanxiao Chen , Meng Hao , Haomiao Yang , Qingchuan Zhao , Guowen Xu

Machine learning systems are vulnerable to backdoor attacks, where attackers manipulate model behavior through data tampering or architectural modifications. Traditional backdoor attacks involve injecting malicious samples with specific…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Yuan Ma , Jiankang Wei , Yilun Lyu , Kehao Chen , Jingtong Huang

Backdoor attacks undermine the reliability and trustworthiness of machine learning systems by injecting hidden behaviors that can be maliciously activated at inference time. While such threats have been extensively studied in unimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Juncheng Li , Yige Li , Hanxun Huang , Yunhao Chen , Xin Wang , Yixu Wang , Xingjun Ma , Yu-Gang Jiang

Multimodal pretrained models are vulnerable to backdoor attacks, yet most existing methods rely on visual or multimodal triggers, which are impractical since visually embedded triggers rarely occur in real-world data. To overcome this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Yiyang Zhang , Chaojian Yu , Ziming Hong , Yuanjie Shao , Qinmu Peng , Tongliang Liu , Xinge You