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Currently under active study in condensed matter physics, both theoretically and experimentally, are quantum spin liquid (QSL) states, in which no long-range magnetic ordering appears at low temperatures due to strong quantum fluctuations…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-07-04 Ruidan Zhong , Shu Guo , Guangyong Xu , Zhijun Xu , Robert J. Cava

An effective low-energy Hamiltonian of itinerant electrons for iridium oxide Na2IrO3 is derived by an ab initio downfolding scheme. The model is then reduced to an effective spin model on a honeycomb lattice by the strong coupling…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2014-09-08 Youhei Yamaji , Yusuke Nomura , Moyuru Kurita , Ryotaro Arita , Masatoshi Imada

Quantum spin liquids have been at the forefront of correlated electron research ever since their original proposal in 1973, and the realization that they belong to the broader class of intrinsic topological orders, along with the fractional…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-04-26 Ioannis Rousochatzakis , Yuriy Sizyuk , Natalia B. Perkins

A decade ago, Alexei Kitaev proposed an exactly solvable $S$ = 1/2 model on a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice, where the spins fractionalize into Majorana fermions and form a topological quantum spin liquid (QSL) in the ground state. It…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-01-21 Hidenori Takagi , Tomohiro Takayama , George Jackeli , Giniyat Khaliullin , Stephen E. Nagler

Iridate oxides on a honeycomb lattice are considered promising candidates for realization of quantum spin liquid states. We investigate the magnetic couplings in a structural model for a honeycomb iridate K$_2$IrO$_3$, with $C_3$ point…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-10-23 Ravi Yadav , Satoshi Nishimoto , Manuel Richter , Jeroen van den Brink , Rajyavardhan Ray

In the field of quantum magnetism, the exactly solvable Kitaev honeycomb model serves as a paradigm for the fractionalization of spin degrees of freedom and the formation of $\mathbb{Z}_2$ quantum spin liquids. An intense experimental…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-02-07 Ciarán Hickey , Simon Trebst

Spin liquid ground states are predicted to arise within several distinct scenarios in condensed matter physics. The observation of these disordered magnetic states is particularly pervasive amongst a class of materials known as frustrated…

The low-temperature magnetic properties of \tcr{polycrystalline} Na$_2$IrO$_3$, a candidate material for the realization of a quantum spin-liquid state, were investigated by means of muon-spin relaxation and nuclear magnetic resonance…

The honeycomb magnet Na$_3$Co$_2$SbO$_6$ recently emerged as a promising candidate for realizing Kitaev quantum spin liquid with relatively low levels of structural disorder. While the precise spin Hamiltonian remains controversial, the…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-07-16 Rongsheng Li , Liyu Shi , Yuchen Gu , Yue Chen , Xintong Li , Qiong Wu , Shuxiang Xu , Dong Wu , Yuan Li , Fa Wang , Tao Dong , Nanlin Wang

The honeycomb magnet $\alpha-$RuCl$_3$ is a prime candidate material for realizing the Kitaev quantum spin liquid (QSL), but it shows long-range magnetic order at low temperature. Nevertheless, its broad inelastic neutron scattering (INS)…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-11-23 Oliver Franke , Dumitru Călugăru , Andreas Nunnenkamp , Johannes Knolle

The Kitaev honeycomb model has been suggested as a useful starting point to describe the honeycomb iridates. However, the zigzag ordering seen in Na2IrO3 and the magnetic transition in Li2IrO3 have raised questions to their connection to…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2014-08-22 Jeffrey G. Rau , Hae-Young Kee

We present terahertz spectroscopic measurements of quantum spin dynamics in the honeycomb magnet K$_2$Co$_2$TeO$_6$ as a function of temperature, polarization and in an external magnetic field applied in the honeycomb plane. Magnetic…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-08-01 Patrick Pilch , Laur Peedu , Urmas Nagel , Toomas Rõõm , Changqing Zhu , Yurii Skourski , Xianghan Xu , Robert J. Cava , Zhe Wang

We investigate the structural and magnetic properties of a Kitaev spin liquid candidate material Ag$_3$LiIr$_2$O$_6$ based on $^7$Li nuclear magnetic resonance line shape, Knight shift and spin-lattice relaxation rate $1/T_1$. The first…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2021-06-18 Jiaming Wang , Weishi Yuan , Takashi Imai , Philip M. Singer , Faranak Bahrami , Fazel Tafti

The honeycomb Kitaev model describes a $Z_2$ spin liquid with topological order and fractionalized excitations consisting of gapped $\pi$-fluxes and free Majorana fermions. Competing interactions, even when not very strong, are known to…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-01-14 Jagannath Das , Sarbajaya Kundu , Aman Kumar , Vikram Tripathi

Recent theoretical and experimental work suggest that the honeycomb cobaltates, initially proposed as candidate Kitaev quantum magnets, are in fact described by a pseudospin-$1/2$ easy-plane spin Hamiltonian with nearest neighbor…

Very recently a quantum liquid was reported to form in H$_3$LiIr$_2$O$_6$, an iridate proposed to be a close realization of the Kitaev honeycomb model. To test this assertion we perform detailed quantum chemistry calculations to determine…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-11-13 Ravi Yadav , Rajyavardhan Ray , Mohamed S. Eldeeb , Satoshi Nishimoto , Liviu Hozoi , Jeroen van den Brink

Using optical magneto-spectroscopy, we investigate the magnetic excitations of Na$_2$Co$_2$TeO$_6$ in a broad magnetic field range ($0\ \rm{T}\leq B\leq 17.5\ \rm{T}$) at low temperature. Our measurements reveal rich spectra of in-plane…

Cobalt-based quantum magnets forming layered honeycomb arrangements have attracted much attention recently, as they are considered as a potential platform for materials with exotic Kitaev spin exchange. Amongst the discussed candidate…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-05-28 Abdul Basit , Richard A. Mole , Alex J. Brown , Jiatu Liu , Chris D. Ling , Stephan Rachel

Very recently, a 3$d$ based honeycomb cobaltate Na$_2$Co$_2$TeO$_6$ has garnered tremendous attention due to the proposed proximity to the Kitaev spin-liquid state as its 4$d$/5$d$ counterparts. Here, we use Zn to substitute Co in a broad…

Recently, Co-based honeycomb magnets have been proposed as promising candidate materials to host the Kitaev spin liquid state. One of the front-runners is BaCo$_2$(AsO$_4$)$_2$ (BCAO), where it was suggested that the exchange processes…