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We train a generator by maximum likelihood and we also train the same generator architecture by Wasserstein GAN. We then compare the generated samples, exact log-probability densities and approximate Wasserstein distances. We show that an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-05-16 Ivo Danihelka , Balaji Lakshminarayanan , Benigno Uria , Daan Wierstra , Peter Dayan

Intractable generative models are models for which the likelihood is unavailable but sampling is possible. Most approaches to parameter inference in this setting require the computation of some discrepancy between the data and the…

Computation · Statistics 2022-07-05 Ziang Niu , Johanna Meier , François-Xavier Briol

Generative modeling typically concerns transporting a single source distribution to a target distribution via simple probability flows. However, in fields like computer graphics and single-cell genomics, samples themselves can be viewed as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Doron Haviv , Aram-Alexandre Pooladian , Dana Pe'er , Brandon Amos

Score-based generative models (SGMs) aim at estimating a target data distribution by learning score functions using only noise-perturbed samples from the target.Recent literature has focused extensively on assessing the error between the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-01-28 Stanislas Strasman , Antonio Ocello , Claire Boyer , Sylvain Le Corff , Vincent Lemaire

We propose a method to optimize the representation and distinguishability of samples from two probability distributions, by maximizing the estimated power of a statistical test based on the maximum mean discrepancy (MMD). This optimized MMD…

Robust estimation is an important problem in statistics which aims at providing a reasonable estimator when the data-generating distribution lies within an appropriately defined ball around an uncontaminated distribution. Although minimax…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-01-21 Zheng Liu , Po-Ling Loh

This paper provides a simple procedure to fit generative networks to target distributions, with the goal of a small Wasserstein distance (or other optimal transport costs). The approach is based on two principles: (a) if the source…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-12 Yucheng Chen , Matus Telgarsky , Chao Zhang , Bolton Bailey , Daniel Hsu , Jian Peng

Generative adversarial nets (GANs) and variational auto-encoders have significantly improved our distribution modeling capabilities, showing promise for dataset augmentation, image-to-image translation and feature learning. However, to…

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have shown great promise in modeling high dimensional data. The learning objective of GANs usually minimizes some measure discrepancy, \textit{e.g.}, $f$-divergence~($f$-GANs) or Integral Probability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Yuxuan Song , Qiwei Ye , Minkai Xu , Tie-Yan Liu

In generative modeling, the Wasserstein distance (WD) has emerged as a useful metric to measure the discrepancy between generated and real data distributions. Unfortunately, it is challenging to approximate the WD of high-dimensional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-16 Jiqing Wu , Zhiwu Huang , Dinesh Acharya , Wen Li , Janine Thoma , Danda Pani Paudel , Luc Van Gool

In generative modeling, the Wasserstein distance (WD) has emerged as a useful metric to measure the discrepancy between generated and real data distributions. Unfortunately, it is challenging to approximate the WD of high-dimensional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-17 Jiqing Wu , Zhiwu Huang , Dinesh Acharya , Wen Li , Janine Thoma , Danda Pani Paudel , Luc Van Gool

Computing optimal transport maps between high-dimensional and continuous distributions is a challenging problem in optimal transport (OT). Generative adversarial networks (GANs) are powerful generative models which have been successfully…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-25 Jacob Leygonie , Jennifer She , Amjad Almahairi , Sai Rajeswar , Aaron Courville

We provide statistical theory for conditional and unconditional Wasserstein generative adversarial networks (WGANs) in the framework of dependent observations. We prove upper bounds for the excess Bayes risk of the WGAN estimators with…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-11-09 Moritz Haas , Stefan Richter

This paper studies the expected optimal value of a mixed 0-1 programming problem with uncertain objective coefficients following a joint distribution. We assume that the true distribution is not known exactly, but a set of independent…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-08-28 Guanglin Xu , Samuel Burer

Wasserstein distributionally robust optimization offers a framework for model fitting in machine learning under potential shifts in the data distribution. We study a regularized variant of this problem in which entropic smoothing produces a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-28 Tam Le

We provide new convergence guarantees in Wasserstein distance for diffusion-based generative models, covering both stochastic (DDPM-like) and deterministic (DDIM-like) sampling methods. We introduce a simple framework to analyze…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Eliot Beyler , Francis Bach

Standard Distributional Synthetic Controls (DSC) estimate counterfactual distributions by minimizing the Euclidean $L_2$ distance between quantile functions. We demonstrate that this geometric reliance renders estimators fragile: they lack…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-01-27 Xinran Liu

The Wasserstein distance has emerged as a key metric to quantify distances between probability distributions, with applications in various fields, including machine learning, control theory, decision theory, and biological systems.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Eduardo Figueiredo , Steven Adams , Luca Laurenti

Worst-case generation plays a critical role in evaluating robustness and stress-testing systems under distribution shifts, in applications ranging from machine learning models to power grids and medical prediction systems. We develop a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-10 Xiuyuan Cheng , Yao Xie , Linglingzhi Zhu , Yunqin Zhu

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) can produce high-quality samples, but do not provide an estimate of the probability density around the samples. However, it has been noted that maximizing the log-likelihood within an energy-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Omri Ben-Dov , Pravir Singh Gupta , Victoria Abrevaya , Michael J. Black , Partha Ghosh