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Algorithms based on non-unitary evolution have attracted much interest for ground state preparation on quantum computers. One recently proposed method makes use of ancilla qubits and controlled unitary operators to implement weak…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-25 Tobias Stollenwerk , Stuart Hadfield

Combinatorial optimization is an important application targeted by quantum computing. However, near-term hardware constraints make quantum algorithms unlikely to be competitive when compared to high-performing classical heuristics on large…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-14 Charles Moussa , Hao Wang , Henri Calandra , Thomas Bäck , Vedran Dunjko

Inspired by a class of algorithms proposed by Farhi et al. (arXiv:1411.4028), namely the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA), we present a circuit-based quantum algorithm to search for a needle in a haystack, obtaining the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-21 Zhang Jiang , Eleanor G. Rieffel , Zhihui Wang

Quantum search algorithms, such as Grover's algorithm, are anticipated to efficiently solve constrained combinatorial optimization problems. However, applying these algorithms to the traveling salesman problem (TSP) on a quantum circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-13 Rei Sato , Gordon Cui , Kazuhiro Saito , Hideyuki Kawashima , Tetsuro Nikuni , Shohei Watabe

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) has emerged as a promising variational quantum algorithm for addressing NP hard combinatorial optimization problems. However, a significant limitation lies in optimizing its classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-22 Peter Gleißner , Georg Kruse , Andreas Roßkopf

Quantum optimization algorithms (QOAs) have the potential to fundamentally transform the application of optimization methods in decision making. For certain classes of optimization problems, it is widely believed that QOA enables…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-15 Florian Klug

The Grover search algorithm performs an unstructured search of a marked item in a database quadratically faster than classical algorithms and is shown to be optimal. Here, we show that if the search space is divided into two blocks with the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-12 Akankshya Dash , Biswaranjan Panda , Arun K Pati

Vigorous optimization of quantum gates has led to bipotent quantum architectures, where the optimized gates are available for some qubits but not for others. However, such gate-level improvements limit the application of user-side…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-21 Yanjun Ji , Kathrin F. Koenig , Ilia Polian

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a promising quantum algorithm that can be used to approximately solve combinatorial optimization problems. The usual QAOA ansatz consists of an alternating application of the cost and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-01 Anthony Wilkie , Igor Gaidai , James Ostrowski , Rebekah Herrman

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm and its generalization to Quantum Alternating Operator Ansatz (QAOA) is a promising approach for applying quantum computers to challenging problems such as combinatorial optimization and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-25 Vladimir Kremenetski , Anuj Apte , Tad Hogg , Stuart Hadfield , Norm M. Tubman

Bayesian network structure learning is an NP-hard problem that has been faced by a number of traditional approaches in recent decades. Currently, quantum technologies offer a wide range of advantages that can be exploited to solve…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-07 Vicente P. Soloviev , Concha Bielza , Pedro Larrañaga

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a hybrid variational quantum-classical algorithm that solves combinatorial optimization problems. While there is evidence suggesting that the fixed form of the standard QAOA ansatz is…

Quantum optimization solvers typically rely on one-variable-to-one-qubit mapping. However, the low qubit count on current quantum computers is a major obstacle in competing against classical methods. Here, we develop a qubit-efficient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Bhuvanesh Sundar , Maxime Dupont

Quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) has become the standard format for optimization using quantum computers, i.e., for both the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) and quantum annealing (QA). We present a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-26 Thomas Gabor , Marian Lingsch Rosenfeld , Sebastian Feld , Claudia Linnhoff-Popien

The ability of the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) to deliver a quantum advantage on combinatorial optimization problems is still unclear. Recently, a scaling advantage over a classical solver was postulated to exist for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-02 Thorge Müller , Ajainderpal Singh , Frank K. Wilhelm , Tim Bode

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a quantum algorithm proposed for Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices and is regarded as a promising approach to combinatorial optimization problems, with potential…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-26 Shintaro Yamamura , Satoshi Watanabe , Masaya Kunimi , Kazuhiro Saito , Tetsuro Nikuni

Quantum Approximation Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a highly advocated variational algorithm for solving the combinatorial optimization problem. One critical feature in the quantum circuit of QAOA algorithm is that it consists of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-21 Yuwei Jin , Jason Luo , Lucent Fong , Yanhao Chen , Ari B. Hayes , Chi Zhang , Fei Hua , Eddy Z. Zhang

The quantum approximate optimisation algorithm (QAOA) is at the core of many scenarios that aim to combine the power of quantum computers and classical high-performance computing appliances for combinatorial optimisation. Several obstacles…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-26 Simon Thelen , Hila Safi , Wolfgang Mauerer

Hybrid quantum-classical algorithms such as the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) are considered one of the most promising approaches for leveraging near-term quantum computers for practical applications. Such algorithms are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-16 Ruslan Shaydulin , Ilya Safro , Jeffrey Larson

The Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) modeling and solution framework is a requirement for quantum and digital annealers. However optimality for QUBO problems of any practical size is extremely difficult to achieve. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-13 Amit Verma , Mark Lewis